求翻译Cu2+-Selective Ratiometric and “Off-On”

coocyoyo 2009-12-22 07:53:40 386 浏览

Varioustransition-metalionsarecrucialforthelifeoforganisms.1Amongtheseisthecopperion，whichplaysacriticalroleasacatalyticcofactorforavarietyofmetalloenzymes，includingsuper... Various transition-metal ions are crucial for the life of organisms.1 Among these is the copper ion， which plays a critical role as a catalytic cofactor for a variety of metalloenzymes， including superoxide dismutase， cytochrome c oxidase， and tyrosinase. However， under overloading conditions， copper exhibits toxicity in that it causes neurodegenerative diseases (e.g.， Alzheimer’s and Wilson’s diseases) probably by its involvement in the production of reactive oxygen species.2 Consequently， organisms tightly regulate internal concentrations of copper. Owing to the Janus-faced properties of copper in organisms， numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop efficient and selective methods to assess copper ions in cells and organisms. In addition，copper is a significant metal pollutant due to its widespread use. The toxicity of copper ions for humans is rather low compared to other heavy metals， but certain microorganisms are affected by even submicromolar concentrations of Cu2+.3 Even though fluorescent probes for copper ion have been extensively explored owing to biological significance of this metal ion，4 there are still only a few examples of “off-on” type sensors available in aqueous systems.5 Furthermore， only a few ratiometric fluorescent probes for Cu2+ have been found in the literature due the fluorescence quenching nature of paramagnetic Cu2+，6 and most of them were working only in pure organic solvents. Ratiometric fluorescent measurements observe changes in the ratio of the intensities of the emission at two wavelengths. Thus， ratiometric fluorescent sensors have an important feature that they can be used to evaluate the analyte concentration and provide built-in correction for environmental effects. 展开

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甜心kiss守护 2009-12-23 00:00:00

各项过渡金属离子是十分重要的生活 organisms.1是铜离子，而其中扮演关键的作用，作为不同的金属酶催化辅酶，包括超氧化物歧化酶，细胞色素c 氧化酶和酪氨酸酶。但是，在重载条件下，铜证物，它会导致神经中毒疾病（如阿尔茨海默氏症和威尔逊的疾病）可能是其在生产的参与反应氧气species.2因此，生物体的严格监管铜内部的浓度。由于两面性铜特性在生物，许多努力，已采取的GX率和选择性的方法评估细胞和生物铜离子。此外，铜是一种重要的金属污染物，由于其广泛使用。为人类的铜离子的毒性是相当低的相对于其他重金属，但某些微生物均受到影响，甚至submicromolar浓度铜+ .3 虽然铜离子荧光探针已由于广泛地探讨这一生物学意义金属离子，4仍然只有一些例子，“关上” 型感应器可在水溶液中systems.5此外，只有少数几个对Cu2 +荧光探针的比例已在文献中找到适当的荧光猝灭性质顺磁铜，6，其中大部分工作只在纯有机溶剂。比例荧光测量观察在对当前的强度比值的变化在两个发射波长。因此，比例荧光传感器有一个重要特点，它们可用于评价分析物的浓度，并提供内置校正的环境影响。

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高荣方ok 2009-12-23 00:00:00

各种transition-metal离子的生活是至关重要的这些是organisms.1铜离子，起到了作为一种催化辅助至关重要的作用，本文对各种包括超氧化物歧化酶、细胞色素c 氧化酶和酪胺酸。然而，在超载的条件下，在这铜展品毒性引起神经退化疾病(如阿尔茨海默氏病和威尔逊氏病)。也许它参与生产的反应因此，species.2氧生物体紧紧地调节内部浓度的铜。由于Janus-faced 在生物特性，为数众多的铜的努力开发效率，是进行选择性的方法评估和生物细胞内铜离子。此外，铜是一种重要的金属污染物由于其广泛的使用。铜离子的毒性对人类是相当低的比起其他的重金属，但某些微生物即使submicromolar浓度的影响的Cu2 + 3 尽管荧光探针对铜离子由于广泛的生物学意义的探讨金属离子，有几个例子仅是“off-on " 在水systems.5式感应器，只有少数的比率的荧光探针对Cu2 + 由于发现了荧光淬文学的本质 Cu2 + 6的显影，大多数的人都是工作在纯粹的有机溶剂。比率荧光测量观察变化比率的强度在两种波长的辐射。因此，比率荧光传感器有重要的功能，它们可以被使用评估分析物的浓度，具有内置修正为环境影响。

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允浩先森 2009-12-24 00:00:00

各种不同的过渡金属离子对于有机体的生命来说是决定性的。1 在这些离子中有一种就是铜离子，铜离子作为多种金属酶的催化辅因子其中关键的作用，这样的金属酶包括超氧化歧化酶、细胞色素c氧化酶和酪氨酸酶。可是，在过载条件下，铜在引起神经退行性疾病（例如Alzheimer氏和Wilson氏疾病）方面呈现出毒性，这或许是因为其牵涉进了反应性氧类的产生中。2 因此，有机体紧紧调节内部的铜的浓度。由于铜在有机体中的两面性质，已经进行了好多努力来开发有效而有选择性的方法以介入细胞和有机体中的铜离子。此外，由于其使用广泛，所以铜还是一种重要的金属污染物。铜离子对人类的毒性相比于其他重金属来说是相当低的，但是某些微有机体会受到甚至亚微克分子浓度Cu2＋的影响。3 虽然用于铜离子的荧光探测剂（荧光探针）由于这种金属离子4的生物意义而得到了广泛的探索，但是仍只有很少关于使用于含水系统的“关－开”型传感器的例子。5 而且，由于顺磁的Cu2＋的荧光猝灭本质，只有少数用于Cu2＋的比率荧光探测剂能在文献中找到，6 而且它们中大多数只有在纯的有机溶剂中才有效。比率荧光测量观察两个波长下发射光强的比率的变化，因此比率荧光传感器具有一个重要的特点，那就是它们可以用于评价被分析物的浓度和对环境的影响提供内置的纠正。

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求翻译Cu2+-Selective Ratiometric and “Off-On”: Varioustransition-metalionsarecrucialforthelifeoforganisms.1Amongtheseisthecopperion，whichplaysacriticalroleasacatalyticcofactorforavarietyofmetalloenzymes，includingsuper... Various transition-metal ions are crucial for the life of organisms.1 Among these is the copper ion， which plays a critical role as a catalytic cofactor for a variety of metalloenzymes， including superoxide dismutase， cytochrome c oxidase， and tyrosinase. However， under overloading conditions， copper exhibits toxicity in that it causes neurodegenerative diseases (e.g.， Alzheimer’s and Wilson’s diseases) probably by its involvement in the production of reactive oxygen species.2 Consequently， organisms tightly regulate internal concentrations of copper. Owing to the Janus-faced properties of copper in organisms， numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop efficient and selective methods to assess copper ions in cells and organisms. In addition，copper is a significant metal pollutant due to its widespread use. The toxicity of copper ions for humans is rather low compared to other heavy metals， but certain microorganisms are affected by even submicromolar concentrations of Cu2+.3 Even though fluorescent probes for copper ion have been extensively explored owing to biological significance of this metal ion，4 there are still only a few examples of “off-on” type sensors available in aqueous systems.5 Furthermore， only a few ratiometric fluorescent probes for Cu2+ have been found in the literature due the fluorescence quenching nature of paramagnetic Cu2+，6 and most of them were working only in pure organic solvents. Ratiometric fluorescent measurements observe changes in the ratio of the intensities of the emission at two wavelengths. Thus， ratiometric fluorescent sensors have an important feature that they can be used to evaluate the analyte concentration and provide built-in correction for environmental effects. 展开

求翻译。。。。。。。。。。。: During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposi... During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposition [19]， chemical vapor deposition [20]， laser vaporization-condensation [21]， charge transferring [22]， an organic reagent-assisted method [23]， solution-liquid-solid method [24] and catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth [25]. With these routes， various nanoscale or microscale aggregates can demonstrate novel architectures， including tree-like， web-like， spherical， nanowire-like， network and fishbone-like aggregates. As a well-known method for producing the nanocapsules， however， arc-discharge has been rarely used to synthesize the aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules prepared simultaneously in arc-discharge. Nevertheless， it is possible that the arc-discharge can be developed into a new way to synthesize the aggregates. In the present work， we utilized arc-discharge technique with modified strategies， involving changing the hydrogen pressure， introducing gadolinium - aluminum alloy ingot as the anode and adjusting the elements percent of the anode according to their evaporation pressure， to synthesize a new type of nanocapsules， with intermetallic compound GdAl2 as core and amorphous Al2O3 as shell， which enlarge the family of the magnetic nanocapsules. At the same time， the regularly aligned three-dimensional macro-aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules without any template and catalyst were simultaneously synthesized in arc-discharge process. 展开

继续求翻译: Ethylacetate(Quimis，p.a.)，methanol(Quimis，p.a.)，sec-butanol(Merck，HPLCgrade)，oleicacid(Merck，extrapure)，hydrogenperoxide(Interox，70%，w/waqueoussolution)，aluminumoxideforc... Ethyl acetate (Quimis， p.a.)， methanol (Quimis， p.a.)， sec- butanol (Merck， HPLC grade)， oleic acid (Merck， extra pure)， hydrogen peroxide (Interox， 70%， w/w aqueous solution)， aluminum oxide for chromatography (Fluka， 0.05–0.15 mm)， aluminum oxide for column chromatography (Acros Organics， activated， acidic， 0.1–0.5 mm)， aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (Aldrich， 99.99%)， oxalic acid (Synth， p.a.)， di-n-butyl ether (Fluka， >99%) and soybean oil (Cargill) were used as received. The solution of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide (24%， w/w) in ethyl acetate was prepared from aqueous H2O2 (70%， w/w) in ethyl acetate by azeotropic distillation with a Dean-Stark apparatus [14] The products were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with a AT-Wax column and interfaced with a Hewlett-Packard 5971A mass spectrometer. Helium was used as the carrier gas. A similarly equipped Hewlett-Packard5890 gas chromatograph using nitrogen as the carrier gas and a flame ionization detector was used for product quantification， with the help of calibration curves. 展开

求翻译文献: Anionsarecommonlyfoundintheenvironmentandbiologicalsystems.Forinstance，fluorideiswidelyusedindentalcareapplicationsandexhibitsinhibitionofcertainenzymefunctions.1Inadditi... Anions are commonly found in the environment and biological systems. For instance， fluoride is widely used in dental care applications and exhibits inhibition of certain enzyme functions.1 In addition to playing a central role in biological regulation， chloride is also a major groundwater contaminant that can corrode steel and concrete.2 Thyroid hormone synthesis largely determines iodine content.3 Acetate is a possible tracer for malignancies and has been extensively investigated in prostate cancer and its metastases.4 Phosphate ion is biologically and environmentally significant.5 Cyanide exerts adverse effects on human health as well as environment at low concentrations. Determining anions concentration is thus of primary concern in many areas， including food processing， industry， and clinic analysis.6 However， hydrophilic anions， such as F- and Cl-， form strong hydrogen bonds with protic solvents. Therefore， developing fluorescent probes based on electrostatic interactions for anions functioning in polar protic solvents is both challenging and currently infeasible. 展开

求韩语翻译: 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 &... 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 모양의 틀에 발라져 있는 것입니다、求准确翻译 PS 3元催化剂是安装在汽车排气管上的展开

文献求翻译: Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for th... Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for the synthesis of primary tert-alkylamines from nitriles (Scheme 1). Thus propionitrile (1a)， phenylmagnesium bromide (2) and Ti(Oi-Pr)4 were chosen to optimize the reaction conditions. In the protocol for the synthesis of cyclopropylamines，10 Ti(Oi-Pr)4 is already present in the diethyl ether solution of a nitrile， before two equivalents of the Grignard reagent are added. As this did not appear to be optimal for the synthesis of primary tertalkylamines， the Grignard reagent was added before Ti(Oi-Pr)4. With 2 equivalents of PhMgBr， 0.1 equivalent of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， and 1 equivalent of propionitrile (1a)， the primary tert-alkylamine 8a was not formed at all. With an equimolar quantity of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， the amine 8a was produced in a low yield (11%) but with 1 equivalent of Ti(Oi- Pr)4 and 3 equivalents of the Grignard reagent 2， a 60% yield of 8a was obtained. Monitoring of the reaction by workup of aliquots of the reaction mixture showed that the first addition of 2 to form the N-magnesio derivative of the corresponding imine was rapid， whereas the subsequent second addition of the Grignard reagent 2 required heating under reflux for up to 24 hours. In tetrahydrofuran instead of diethyl ether， the amine 8a was formed in a very low yield， if at all. 展开

求化学翻译: Graphite powder (<20m)， hydrazine， ammonia， N，Ndimethylformamide (DMF)， dopamine， 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.138M NaCl， 0.0027M KCl， pH 7.4)， and ascorbic acid were purchased form Aldrich and used as received. Doubly disti... Graphite powder (<20m)， hydrazine， ammonia， N，Ndimethylformamide (DMF)， dopamine， 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.138M NaCl， 0.0027M KCl， pH 7.4)， and ascorbic acid were purchased form Aldrich and used as received. Doubly distilled water was used throughout the whole experiments. The data of cyclic voltammetry (CV)， differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)， and electrochemical impedance spectra were obtained with a CHI 660 electrochemical workstation (CH instruments， Austin， TX). The electrochemical cell consisted of GCE (3mm diameter， Bioanalytical Systems， Inc.) as working electrode， Ag/AgCl (Bioanalytical Systems， Inc.) as reference electrode， and platinum wire as counter electrode. The impedance data were fitted to an appropriate equivalent circuit using ZsimpWin 3.0 software (Echem Software). The Raman spectra of graphene were obtained by micro-Raman system equipped with a homemade sample stage， a monochromator (SPEX 500 M)， and a CCD camera (Roger Scientific model 7346-001) with 514.5nm wavelength laser line. Graphene was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (SUPRA 55VP， Carl Zeiss) and atomic force microscope (NanostationII， Surface Imaging Systems). 展开

急求翻译: 我认为一个人应当将自己的优点发挥到极限，这不仅有助于挖掘其自身的Z大价值，而且能够Z大限度地实现其自身的社会价值。我Z大的优点在于经过将近6年在武汉大学的测绘遥感专业的刻苦学习，我打下了一个非常扎实的专业基础。同时，我的思维敏捷，对于地球空... 我认为一个人应当将自己的优点发挥到极限，这不仅有助于挖掘其自身的Z大价值，而且能够Z大限度地实现其自身的社会价值。我Z大的优点在于经过将近6年在武汉大学的测绘遥感专业的刻苦学习，我打下了一个非常扎实的专业基础。同时，我的思维敏捷，对于地球空间信息科研成果与产业化之间的关联，有很灵敏的感触和浓厚的兴趣，富有开创性思维，并有多项目的实践经验。我的缺点是没有一个自己的duchuang的核心理论或者技术，然后我认为这对于我来说也是一个机会。明年的7月份将要取得我的硕士学位，这段时间里我的主要任务是做好毕业设计。我打算毕业后花四年时间在加拿大滑铁卢大学环境学院完成我的博士位，目前我已经收到来滑铁卢大学研究生院的入学邀请。我之所以申请这个博士生项目的原因如下：（1）在我的硕士阶段，我参与了实验室的“5.12地震遥感信息收集与灾情评估项目组”，主要负责搜集加拿大与美国利用雷达影像在防灾减灾中的成功应用。在我这段时间的研究中我发现LiDAR技术是集激光、定位系统(GPS)和惯性导航系统(INS)三种技术与一身的空间测量新技术，其在遥感、测绘、环境监测、防灾减灾中等领域具有广阔的发展前景和应用需求。而加拿大正是以环境管理和激光雷达技术于世，这些都是ZG当前中长期发展急需发展的交叉学科和技术。我在滑铁卢的研究将是“land-based mobile LIDAR data processing and the application for Emergency Response”，相信四年之后，我学成回国，必将能够大显身手、回报祖国。（2）ZG测绘遥感领域在科学研究上已经取得了辉煌的成就，但是在技术产业化以及本行业项目管理上，则远远落后与欧美国家，很多技术的Z高成就是论文而不是产品或者服务。学习与实习并重的合作教育(co-operative education)也是滑铁卢大学同其办学的一大特色，学生在课程进行期间将在相关机构工作以作实习，它目前进行的合作教育计划是Z大。在滑铁卢的学习，我将充分利用合作教育的机会，申请到加拿大空间信息领域的公司实习，学习他们的项目管理经验以及如何将技术转化为应用。回国后，结合ZG的国情，致力于将测绘遥感技术直接GX地应用于服务社会。另外，我得知滑铁卢大学的孔子学院已于去年揭幕。通过我在滑铁卢大学的朋友我也了解到滑铁卢大学的孔子学院目前也十分缺乏中文老师。我已经跟那边的孔子学院的系主任取得联系，他们对我的汉语写作和表达能力十分满意并且欢迎我到他们学院志愿为为学生补习汉语。尽管我的能力有限，但是我会尽力用我的真诚和热情去帮助他们了解和欣赏美丽的ZG语言和文化，一点一点地去用行动实践我的诺言——让自己将来做一个关心社会，对社会的发展有贡献的人。展开

高分求高手翻译，不要机械翻译: Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review fo... Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review focuses on the recent research advances in bimetallic DENs with respect to their synthesis，characterization，and applications as catalysts.Bimetallic DENs can be made mainly via three routes:co-complexation，sequential loading，and partial displacement.The research in bimetallic DENs has been significantly promoted by the advancement of characterization instruments.The performances of bimetallic DENs as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis have been compared with both monometallic DENs and their physical mixtures.It is concluded that the synergistic electronic effect in bimetallic nanoparticles enhances their catalytic activities. 能翻译多少都可以的展开

急求翻译毕业论文: 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢... 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢展开

求翻译英文文献: 2.2. Material Characterizations. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM， JEOL 6701F) was used to investigate the morphologies， particle sizes of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental compositions of the ... 2.2. Material Characterizations. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM， JEOL 6701F) was used to investigate the morphologies， particle sizes of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental compositions of the samples were determined by JEM-2100F (JEOL) coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX， Phoenix) system. Wide-angle and low-angle X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) of the as-obtained samples were recorded on a Rigaku D/max-2500 with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.540 56 Å) operated at 40 kV and 200 mA. Raman measurements were performed using a DXR from Thermo Scientific with a laser wavelength of 532 nm. To calculate the pore size distribution and pore volumes， the nitrogen absorption and desorption isotherms were measured at 77.3 K with an Autosorb-1 specific surface area analyzer from Quantachrome. The content of N in N-doped porous carbon was determined by NHC elemental analysis using Flash EA 1112. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of S/C composite was performed on TG/DTA 6300 in an N2 flow to obtain the S content in the composite. A four-contact method was applied to measure the powder electronic conductivity of porous carbons. The powder sample was pressed to disk at 4 MPa with two stainless-steel plungers， whose resistance was measured by a Keithley 2400 digital multimeter in fourwire mode. The conductivity of the sample was calculated according to the resistance and the size of the disk. Information of the surface elements was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) performed on the Thermo Scientific ESCALab 250Xi using 200 W monochromatic Al Kα radiation. The 500 μm X-ray spot was used for XPS analysis. The base pressure in the analysis chamber was about 3 × 10−10 mbar. All reported data of XPS binding energy are calibrated based on the hydrocarbon C 1s line at 284.8 eV from adventitious carbon. Spectra were fitted with Lorentzian−Gaussian functions and smart background using Thermo Avantage software. 展开

求翻译，谢绝机器翻译: 茶叶中农药残留的检测摘要有机氯农药的脂溶性强，容易在食物链中蓄积，Z终进入人体并对人体产生慢性毒害作用，动物实验证实其有致畸、致癌作用。作为有机氯农药的替代品之一，拟除虫... 茶叶中农药残留的检测摘要有机氯农药的脂溶性强，容易在食物链中蓄积，Z终进入人体并对人体产生慢性毒害作用，动物实验证实其有致畸、致癌作用。作为有机氯农药的替代品之一，拟除虫菊酯类农药在农业生产中得到了广泛应用。这类农药施用量较小、易生物降解、残留期较短，对病毒、害虫、杂草等具有很强的杀伤作用、但该类农药也有一定的蓄积性，部分对人有致畸、致突变的作用。目前国内外茶叶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的检测主要采用气相色谱法（GC）和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）。试样中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农YY有机溶剂石油醚提取，经液液分配及层析净化，用石油醚-乙酸乙酯（95+5）洗脱，收集净化液，于旋转蒸发仪上浓缩近干，石油醚溶解定容，气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测，根据色谱峰的保留时间定性，外标法定量，检测茶叶中有机氯农药六六六、DDT和拟除虫菊酯类农药、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯等。所建立方法的分析结果与外检结果基本一致。这几种农药在0.0125-3.5000µg/mL范围内线性良好，本方法的添加回收率在81.71%-112.41%之间，本方法具有溶剂使用量少、净化效果好、操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确、可靠等特点，用于贵州地区茶叶样品中有机农药残留测定，获得较好结果。可满足茶叶中六六六、DDT、、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯等多种农药残留检测的需要。关键词：茶叶气相色谱农药残留有机氯拟除虫菊酯展开

化工专业英语求翻译: Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications， which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1，2] Because of their hollow core structure， such poly... Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications， which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1，2] Because of their hollow core structure， such polymeric spheres can encapsulate large quantities of guest moleculesÐ especially those spheres with functionalities within the empty coreÐand release them at a later stage in a controlled man- ner. Although hollow polymeric spheres with dimensions in the micrometer and submicrometer regions are readily con- structedÐby layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes onto a template core，[3±6] polymerizing monomers in lipid vesi- cles，[7，8] emulsion polymerization，[9，10] pH-induced micelliza- tion of a grafted copolymer，[11] and by the assembly of posi- tively charged polyelectrolytes and negatively charged nanoparticles[12]Ðthe synthesis of hollow spheres 100 nm or less in size has only recently become the subject of research activity. Several different routes， such as the self-assembly of block copolymers in a selective solvent，[13，14] the deposition of polyelectrolytes on a decomplexable or soluble core，[15，16] and microemulsion (as well as miniemulsion) polymerization，[17，18] have been developed to form hollow polymeric nanospheres. Although some of these methods have been quite successful， these strategies require the core templates to be removed in order to create a hollow interior， or need large quantities of surfactants to form nanosized micelles. Furthermore， although the majority of the proposed applications of hollow nano- spheres or nanocapsules are concentrated in the biomedical field， most of the hollow polymeric spheres described to date are ill-suited for such purposes. Therefore， materials (in par- ticular for the surfaces of the hollow nanospheres) that are biocompatible， non-toxic， and sometimes also biodegradable， are highly desirable. Herein， we demonstrate a simple and di- rect method for fabricating hollow polymeric nanospheres with biocompatible and biodegradable macromolecules. In this approach， hollow polymeric nanospheres were formed in a completely aqueous system without the aid of surfactants，展开

求日语日文翻译帮忙翻译一下。。。万分感谢: 请求项2记载の透明硬脆材料のレーザ加工装置において、前记半透过ミラー及び前记反射ミラーにおける凹面のそれぞれの焦点位置が、同位置となるよう配置したことを特徴とするレーザ加工装置。

求翻译，不要机器翻: All cell lines were grown in RPMI-1640 medium (GIBCO) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated bovine serum， 2 nM L-glutamine， 105 IU/liter penicillin G， 100 mg/liter streptomycin and 10 mM HEPES， pH 7.4. Cells were kept at 37°C in a humidif... All cell lines were grown in RPMI-1640 medium (GIBCO) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated bovine serum， 2 nM L-glutamine， 105 IU/liter penicillin G， 100 mg/liter streptomycin and 10 mM HEPES， pH 7.4. Cells were kept at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator. 展开

跪求（急求）帮忙翻译一下: 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分... 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分析测定有干扰的基本物质，制成便于测定的溶液形式。样品的预处理过程都是在无机前处理室进行的。主要仪器：ETHOS A微波消解仪、SD500电热板、Mill-Q Advandage A10超纯水仪等。光谱室主要开展食品、饮用水等样品中重金属元素含量检测工作，各类仪器针对不同的物质进行检测有其各自的优势。原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列仪器主要用于铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠等项目检测，双道原子荧光光度计吉天AFS-820a系列仪器主要用于砷、汞、锡等项目检测。光谱分析技术已经被广泛应用于食品和水质检测、环境保护、医药卫生等领域。主要仪器：原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列、双道原子荧光光度计AFS-820a系列。承检项目：食品、饮用水中重金属铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、砷、汞、锡等。要英文的谢谢展开

求翻译，除湿机功能按钮英文！: Z主要是模式那三个真的搞不明白。

急求翻译请帮忙翻译一下这篇英文资料，急用！！！！: Wells-BrookfieldCone/PlateRapidDeterminationOfAbsoluteViscosityIntroductionTheWells-BrookfieldCone/PlateViscometergivesresearchersasophisticatedinstrumentforroutinelydete... Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Rapid Determination Of Absolute Viscosity Introduction The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer gives researchers a sophisticated instrument for routinely determining absolute viscosity of fluids in small sample volumes. Its cone and plate geometry provides the precision necessary for development of complete rheological data. Principle of Operation The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer is a precise torque meter which is driven at discrete rotational speeds. The torque measuring system， which consists of a calibrated beryllium-copper spring connecting the drive mechanism to a rotating cone， senses the resistance to rotation caused by the presence of sample fluid between the cone and a stationary flat plate. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress in the fluid. The amount of torque is indicated either on a dial or digital display， depending on model. This reading is easily converted to absolute centipoise units (mPa.s) from pre-calculated range charts. Alternatively， viscosity can be calculated from the known geometric constants of the cone， the rate of rotation， and the stress related torque. See Range Tables The correct relative position of cone and plate is obtained by following a simple mechanical procedure without the need for external gauges or supplementary instrumentation. The stationary plate forms the bottom of a sample cup which can be removed， filled with .5 ml to 2.0 ml of sample fluid (depending on cone in use)， and remounted without disturbing the calibration. The sample cup is jacketed and has tube fittings for connection to a constant temperature circulating bath. The system is accurate to within ?.0% of the working range. Reproducibility is to within ?.2%. Working temperature range is from 0oC to 100oC. 展开

电子，通信类专业英语求人工翻译，软件翻译的别来。: 如题ThetermASICisoftenappliedtofull-customandsemi-customintegratedcircuits.Anotherclassofintegratedcircuitisthatofprogrammablelogic.Theearliestprogrammablelogicdevices(PL... 如题 The term ASIC is often applied to full-custom and semi-custom integrated circuits.Another class of integrated circuit is that of programmable logic.The earliest programmable logic devices(PLDs) were programmable logic arrays(PLAs).Like gate arrays，these consist of arrays of uncomitted logic，but unlike mask-programmable gate arrays，the configuration of the array is determined by applying a large(usually negative) voltage to individual connections. 展开

急求英译汉高手（词霸翻译不加分）翻译好了追加50: http://hi.baidu.com/lyl464797826/blog/item/0c12e646eca6ee3287947334.html

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