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谴西蠟邦睆 2018-11-25 13:57:45 268 浏览

Boron nitride nanotubes， nanocapsules and nanocages were fabricated by arc-melting LaB6 and boronLaB6 powder compacts in a nitrogenargon gas atmosphere， which were determined by high-resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X... Boron nitride nanotubes， nanocapsules and nanocages were fabricated by arc-melting LaB6 and boronLaB6 powder compacts in a nitrogenargon gas atmosphere， which were determined by high-resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The diameters of the boron nitride nanotubes， nanocapsules and nanocages were in the range of 10100 nm， 1030 nm and 80 nm， respectively. The present work indicates that La could be a good candidate as a catalyst to produce the boron nitride fullerene materials by changing the ratio of LaB6B. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 展开

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请帮翻译: Boron nitride nanotubes， nanocapsules and nanocages were fabricated by arc-melting LaB6 and boronLaB6 powder compacts in a nitrogenargon gas atmosphere， which were determined by high-resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X... Boron nitride nanotubes， nanocapsules and nanocages were fabricated by arc-melting LaB6 and boronLaB6 powder compacts in a nitrogenargon gas atmosphere， which were determined by high-resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The diameters of the boron nitride nanotubes， nanocapsules and nanocages were in the range of 10100 nm， 1030 nm and 80 nm， respectively. The present work indicates that La could be a good candidate as a catalyst to produce the boron nitride fullerene materials by changing the ratio of LaB6B. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 展开

请翻译高手帮小弟翻译一下这篇文章（中译英）: 2010年世界博览会将于上海撩开它的面纱，浦江两岸的5.28平方公里的土地作为了世博会场址。由于该区域是ZG近代重工业的起源江南造船厂的所在地，并且区域内有着众多的重工业工厂，大... 2010年世界博览会将于上海撩开它的面纱，浦江两岸的5.28平方公里的土地作为了世博会场址。由于该区域是ZG近代重工业的起源江南造船厂的所在地，并且区域内有着众多的重工业工厂，大量的金属粉尘被排入到大气之中，通过大气循环进入到了土壤，使该区域有着不同程度的土壤重金属污染。本课题将针对世博园区土壤重金属的污染程度，提出相应的修复路线与可持续发展的建议，以保证世博会的圆满成功及今后的发展。在研究过程中，我们将对采集的土样进行微波消解及ICP-AES等处理过程，来获得不同样点的土壤重金属浓度。并通过与土壤环境质量标准相比较，得出重金属的污染程度：在所选的四种重金属之中，铅与砷的污染程度较小，符合人体的健康需要；而镉的污染程度由于没有相对应的标准值，故无法做出准确定位，但通过与区外土样的比较，发现镉的浓度普遍偏高，可能是试验过程中的失误所造成；而镍的污染程度则较严重。因此修复的ZD在金属镍上。我们提出的建议是以对镍有着较高富集作用的车前草来减轻镍的污染。此外我们还提出了少许建议，供世博园的可持续发展作为参考。展开

翻译翻译，请高手帮我翻译一下这个说明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展开

英语请人工翻译，: DARPA has been at the forefront of the aggressive FCS initiative. We are conducting demonstrations of advanced prototypes， including unmanned ground reconnaissance and attack platforms; low-cost tactical precision munitions; small UAVs t... DARPA has been at the forefront of the aggressive FCS initiative. We are conducting demonstrations of advanced prototypes， including unmanned ground reconnaissance and attack platforms; low-cost tactical precision munitions; small UAVs that support operations in urban and mountainous environments; and sensors that can detect vehicles camouflaged under dense foliage. A Defense Acquisition Board scheduled for May could allow FCS to enter System Development and Demonstration under Army management this year. This will enable the Army to field an FCS Unit for operational testing in FY 2008， with the first Unit of Action ready for operational deployment by 2010. DARPA is also conducting three unmanned air combatant programs: the Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) with the Air Force， UCAV-N with the Page 5 of 14 Navy， and the Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft program with the Army. These aircraft will be teamed with manned systems on the ground and in the air to transform how the Air Force suppresses enemy air defenses， how the Navy suppresses enemy air defenses and conducts extended surveillance， and how the Army conducts armed reconnaissance and attack. 展开

Micrometer-Sized Mesoporous Silica Spheres Grown帮翻译下: Introduction The discovery of the M41S family of mesoporous silicas1，2 has stimulated wide interest in the surfactanttemplated synthesis of mesoporous materials because of their potential applications as versatile catalysts， catalyst s... Introduction The discovery of the M41S family of mesoporous silicas1，2 has stimulated wide interest in the surfactanttemplated synthesis of mesoporous materials because of their potential applications as versatile catalysts， catalyst supports， separation media， and hosts for clusters and nanowires. Mesoporous silica molecular sieves have been prepared by ionic1-4 and neutral5，6 surfactant templating pathways; however， the obtained mesoporous silicas normally yield irregular agglomerates consisting of a wide particle size distribution.7 Because the control of the particle morphology and size of mesoporous silicas could open up new possibilities for the application of mesoporous silicas as a packing material in chromatography or as an easy-to-handle form for catalytic purposes， some recent efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of mesoporous silica spheres of defined size. For example， millimeter-sized mesoporous silica spheres ranging from 0.1 to 2 mm in size8 and submicrometer-sized mesoporous silica spheres ranging from 0.4 to 1.1 ím in size9 have been synthesized under stirred basic conditions by modified cationic surfactant templating routes. However， further efforts are required toward the synthesis of micrometer-sized mesoporous silica spheres， which could be directly used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and related separation techniques.9 展开

请帮看看血细胞分析报告单: 我怀孕六个月了，偶尔有吃完早饭后头晕乏力的症状，所以去做了血常规检查，其中有几项不在正常范围，请大家帮忙看下。RBC:3.68(3.90-5.90)，HCT:302(350-470)，MCHC:384(329-360).... 我怀孕六个月了，偶尔有吃完早饭后头晕乏力的症状，所以去做了血常规检查，其中有几项不在正常范围，请大家帮忙看下。RBC:3.68(3.90-5.90)，HCT:302(350-470)，MCHC:384(329-360). 展开

请帮忙翻译一下，拜托: A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF... A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF aqueous solution. SEM and XRD results showed that Ni(OH)2 particles were well distributed on high density， well-ordered and uniform TiO2 nanotube arrays. The photoelectrochemical properties of the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode were investigated in NaHCO3/NaOH buffer solution (pH 10) by means of UV–vis absorption spectra， cyclic voltammogram (CV) and photocurrent measurements. It was found that the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode was highly sensitive to light and exhibited excellent photoelectrochromic properties. Upon UV irradiation， the photogenerated holes by TiO2 nanotube arrays can oxidize Ni(OH)2 to NiOOH， and thus the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode can be photo-charged by light。1. Introduction Among many visible light photocatalysts， TiO2nanostructures have attracted much attention due to high photocatalytic activ-ity， nontoxicity， chemical stability and huge potential applications [1–6]. The TiO2 nanotube array is one of most attention-getting TiO2nanostructures because of large surface area and outstanding charge transport properties. TiO2nanotube arrays can be utilized in dye-sensitized solar cells[7–9]， photocatalysis and hydrogen gas sensing [10]. So far， a variety of methods have been attempted to prepare TiO2 nanotube arrays， such as hydrothermal synthe-sis[11]， Langmuir–Blodgett technique [12]， solution casting [13] and anodization technique[10，14]， etc. Among these methods， the anodization technique has many advantages of low cost， low tem-perature and easy to be scaled up to large-area preparation. Recently， anewkindof photo-functional systemwith theenergy storage ability has been developed by coupling TiO2 photosen-sitive electrode with energy storage materials. In Takahashi and Tatsuma’swork[15]，aTiO2/Ni(OH)2bilayer thinfilmwas suggested for the oxidative energy storage. In this case， a redox-activep-type semiconductor Ni(OH)2is coupled withn-type TiO2photocatalyst to formap–njunction，WhenTiO2is illuminatedby light， holesgen-erated at the junction are separated from excited electrons， trans-ported into the bulk of Ni(OH)2and oxidized Ni(OH)2to NiOOH. Therefore， the oxidative energy storage system was constructed 展开

各位大神，麻烦帮小弟翻译，急，在线等。。。。论文，不要机器翻译的: 本文采用氧化还原法制备了具有较高增强因子的银溶胶，以该银溶胶为活性基底，研究了L-苯丙氨酸（L-Phe）的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）。同时分析了L-Phe在银溶胶中的吸附状态及其与银溶胶的相互作用。研究结果表明：（1）L-Phe分子中的羧基、芳环或杂环、氨基和... 本文采用氧化还原法制备了具有较高增强因子的银溶胶，以该银溶胶为活性基底，研究了L-苯丙氨酸（L-Phe）的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）。同时分析了L-Phe在银溶胶中的吸附状态及其与银溶胶的相互作用。研究结果表明：（1）L-Phe分子中的羧基、芳环或杂环、氨基和银溶胶发生了吸附作用，因而表现出表面增强拉曼效应；（2）与其常规拉曼光谱相比，SERS峰强和峰位均有一定变化；（3）L-Phe浓度为2×10-5~1×10-2mo1/L 范围，其SERS强度呈先增大后减小的变化趋势，当浓度为1×10-3mo1/L时的SERS强度Z大。本论文为了解氨基酸在银溶胶中的SERS增强机制与规律提供，为更深入的进行氨基酸乃至生物大分子的SERS奠定了基础展开

请专家帮忙翻译一下，谢谢！: 粒度检测方法与优缺点比较粉末粒度分布的测量方法经过百余年的发展，据统计至少已经发展了上百种，但随着科技的发展，有些方法被逐步淘汰，有些方法得到了改进和发展（如激光散射法、动态光散射等），并在生产、科研中得到了广泛的应用，现在普遍使用的测量... 粒度检测方法与优缺点比较粉末粒度分布的测量方法经过百余年的发展，据统计至少已经发展了上百种，但随着科技的发展，有些方法被逐步淘汰，有些方法得到了改进和发展（如激光散射法、动态光散射等），并在生产、科研中得到了广泛的应用，现在普遍使用的测量方法有筛分法、显微图像法、光透沉降法、激光散射（衍射）法等几种，下面简单介绍几种常用的粒度测量方法。 ▲ 筛分法是一种具有很长历史的粒度测定方法，筛分法粒度测量是利用一组筛孔大小不同的标准筛将粉末进行筛分，然后对每个筛上样品分别进行称重，进而得到以质量为量纲的粒度分布数据，并可由分布结果计算出如Dv50等其它参数。筛分滶要特点是测量成本低廉，操作简单，但存在着如重复性差，测量时间较长，不能对5um以下的颗粒进行测量等缺点。 ▲显微图像分析法利用光学或电子显微镜及计算机图像识别技术对颗粒粒度及粒度分布，颗粒形貌进行测量，分析的方法。这种方法不仅能够测量粒度分布而且能够直接观察到颗粒的形状，是目前唯yi的一种可目视的直观测试方法，这种特点也是其它粒度测量仪器所不具备。这种方法的优点是直观、简便、费用低，缺点是由于取样量很少，为使测量结果代表性，必须增加待测颗粒的个数（一般认为测量颗粒的个数应在1000个以上），这就相应啬了测量时间，及测试人员的工作强度，但由于能够对颗粒形貌（如长径比等）进行测量，目前也有广泛应用。 ▲光透沉降法沉降法粒度测试的理论基础是斯托克司定律和比尔定律。前者给出颗粒沉降速度与粒径的关系，后者阐明光透过率与粒径重量的关系。可简单的描述为：在沉降液中，有若干相同比重的颗粒，如果同一时刻，从同一位置开始下降，则不同直径的颗粒到达测量区的时间是不同的，根据颗粒到达测量区的时间，及光强的强弱，就可以计算出颗粒的粒径，及相应粒径的颗粒在颗粒群中占有的比例。采用此种原理的测量仪器有比较长的使用历史，但随着科技的发展和测量手段的进步，此方法的缺点也日益突出，如测量时间长，重复性误差大等。 ▲ 激光散射法颗粒测量仪器是以富朗和菲衍射（Fraunhofer diffraction）和米氏散射（Mie scattering）为理论基础。此理论可以简单理解为沿直线传播的平行激光束，在传播过程中遇到颗粒的遮挡后，传播方向发生了改变（即发生了衍射和散射现象），并且大颗粒使激光改变的角度小，小颗粒改变大。（实际上是由于颗粒的遮挡在无限远处形成了一个爱里斑，爱里斑87%的能量集中在ZX亮环，且颗粒直径越大，ZX环越小，颗粒直径越小ZX亮环越大）。如果能在不同角度上接收光能，对于相应的的角度，其光能是对应直径的颗粒集合发生衍射（散射）造成的，相应其他角度上光能的强弱也就反应了对应直径颗粒在整个颗粒集合中占有的比例。 ▲ 采用激光粒度测量仪器相对于光透沉降粒度测量仪器具有很多优点： 1. 原理先进，并且由于测试过程中没有需要预先设定的参数（如样品比重、介质黏度、环境温度等），及在测量过程中随时改变的条件，因此测量结果准确、可靠。 2. 测量速度快，测试时间与样品粒度分布无关，典型测试过程一般小于一分钟； 3. 每次测试，多次对样品进行扫描，测试结果重复性好； 4. 进样方式种类多，可适用于各种类样品。展开

请高手帮忙翻译一下 3: 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron mic... 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-PHILIPSk XL20) was used for photomicrographs as well as to analyse the Ch-zeolite composition (Energy Dispersion X-ray， EDX). The sample was initially placed in a vacuum chamber for coating with a thin layer (few nanometers) of gold (Au). The specific surface area of the material was measured by the methylene blue technique and by nitrogen gas adsorption methods， with the latter also providing information about particle porosity. In the methylene blue adsorption method， aqueous solutions (50 ml) of methylene blue (100 mg l 1) were agitated using an orbital shaker (Marconik) for an hour at room temperature in the presence of different quantities of the Ch-zeolite (0.05–0.3 g). The suspensions were then allowed to settle for 23 h and the resulting supernatants were centrifuged at 5000 rpm before the analysis of the residual methylene blue concentration. Results obtained correspond to averaged values of three different experiments. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Langmuir model， assuming the formation， at high concentrations， of a dye monolayer and 1.08 nm2 molecule 1， for the cross-sectional area (Van den Hul and Lyklema， 1968). The Ch-zeolite specific surface area was evaluated by the nitrogen gas adsorption method， using automated equipment (Autosorb 1-Quantachrome Instrumentsk)， employing multipoint BET isotherm adsorption data fitting. Also from these data， the porosity of the material was evaluated through parameters such as volume of total pores (d < 206 nm)， surface area and volume of micropores (d < 2 nm; Micropore Analysis Method). Zeta potential measurements for the natural and ammonia loaded zeolite， as a function of medium pH， were determined using a Zeta Plusk equipment (Brookhaven Instruments). Suspensions (0.01% v/v) of the Ch-zeolite， previously sieved below 37 Am (400 Mesh Tylerk)， in a 10 3 mol l 1 solution of KNO3 were used and the medium pH was controlled with the addition of HNO3 (pH< 7) and KOH (pH>7)， separately. For the Ch-zeolite saturated with ammonia， suspensions of the material were prepared by the same procedure， except that the sample was loaded with 100 mg NH3–N l 1 of ammonia. 展开

请各位大虾帮忙翻译一下：: Withmorethan6millionnewmeasurementchannelssoldlastyear，NationalInstrumentsisaworldwideleaderinvirtualinstrumentation.Engineershaveusedvirtualinstrumentationformorethan25y... With more than 6 million new measurement channels sold last year， National Instruments is a worldwide leader in virtual instrumentation. Engineers have used virtual instrumentation for more than 25 years to bring the power of flexible software and PC technology to test， control， and design applications making accurate analog and digital measurements from DC to 2.7 GHz. This document provides an excellent introduction to virtual instrumentation as well as additional resources for continued research. What is virtual instrumentation? With virtual instrumentation， software based on user requirements defines general-purpose measurement and control hardware functionality. Virtual instrumentation combines mainstream commercial technologies， such as the PC， with flexible software and a wide variety of measurement and control hardware， so engineers and scientists can create user-defined systems that meet their exact application needs. With virtual instrumentation， engineers and scientists reduce development time， design higher quality products， and lower their design costs. 展开

请高手帮我翻译一下这一段。。。: Carbonnanomaterialsarenovelmanufacturedmaterials，havingwidespreadpotentialapplications.Adsorptionofhydrophobicorganiccompounds(HOCs)bycarbonnanomaterialsmayenhancetheirto... Carbon nanomaterials are novel manufactured materials， having widespread potential applications. Adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) by carbon nanomaterials may enhance their toxicity and affect the fate， transformation， and transport of HOCs in the environment. In this research， adsorption of naphthalene， phenanthrene， and pyrene onto six carbon nanomaterials， including fullerenes， single-walled carbon nanotubes ， and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated， which is the first systematic study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorption by various carbon nanomaterials. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted well by the Polanyi-Manes model (PMM). Through both isotherm modeling and constructing “characteristic curve”， Polanyi theory was useful to describe the adsorption process of PAHs by the carbon nanomaterials. The three fitted parameters (Q0， a， and b) of PMM depended on both PAH properties and the nature of carbon nanomaterials. For different PAHs， adsorption seems to relate with their molecular size， i.e.， the larger the molecular size， the lower the adsorbed volume capacity (Q0)， but higher a and b values. For different carbon nanomaterials， adsorption seems to relate with their surface area， micropore volume， and the volume ratios of mesopore to micropore. Quantitative relationships between these sorbent properties and the estimated parameters of PMM were obtained. These relationships may represent a first fundamental step toward establishing empirical equations for quantitative prediction of PAH adsorption by carbon nanomaterials and possibly other forms of carbonaceous (geo-) sorbents， and for evaluating their environmental impact. In addition， high adsorption capacity of PAHs by carbon nanotubes may add to their high environmental risks once released to the environment， and result in potential alteration of PAHs fate and bioavailability in the environment. 展开

请高手帮忙翻译~在线等！: 由于为系列产品，在性质上有类似处，在某些行业可以相互替代。乙烯胺主要用于表面活性剂，环氧树脂固化剂，农药原料，医药原料，洗涤助剂，聚酰胺树脂，造纸助剂，润滑油添加剂，水处理剂原料，染料固色剂，粘合剂原料等方面。我国乙二胺主要用于生产农药（... 由于为系列产品，在性质上有类似处，在某些行业可以相互替代。乙烯胺主要用于表面活性剂，环氧树脂固化剂，农药原料，医药原料，洗涤助剂，聚酰胺树脂，造纸助剂，润滑油添加剂，水处理剂原料，染料固色剂，粘合剂原料等方面。我国乙二胺主要用于生产农药（森锰锌、代森锌、代森胺及杀虫剂、除草剂、杀菌剂），表面活性剂（生成双硬脂酸酰胺，烷基咪唑啉、双酰胺，与环氧乙烷，环氧丙烷合成非离子表面活性剂），环氧树脂固化剂（聚酰胺树脂，环氧固化剂，羟乙基乙二胺等），洗涤助剂（乙二胺四乙酸及其钠盐系列螯合剂），医药原料（氨茶碱，洗必泰，鼻眼净，灭虫灵等），水处理剂（乙二胺四甲叉膦酸盐，乙脒基乙叉二膦酸），缓蚀剂（环脒聚合物）染料固色剂，照相材料定影液及润滑油添加剂等。其中农药，螯合剂，表面活性剂及环氧固化剂占用量的70%以上。 2000年全年乙二胺用量为11140吨，预计今年将达到14000吨。二乙烯三胺主要和环氧氯丙烷以及己二酸配套生产湿强剂——一种造纸助剂，主要作用是提高潮湿纸张的强度，以利于加工或使用；其他方面的用途软片（烷基咪唑啉，柔软剂），环氧固化剂，缓蚀剂、印染助剂，水处理剂（二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸），农药菌毒清等。三乙烯四胺主要用于用途有两方面，环氧固化剂（包括聚酰胺树脂）和无灰分散剂，其他方面用途包括沥青乳化剂，水处理，缓蚀剂，表面活性剂等。四乙烯五胺主要用于生产无灰分散剂，其他方面用途包括沥青乳化剂，破乳剂，环氧固化剂，离子交换树脂，助滤剂等。展开

请高手帮忙翻译翻译啊，通顺即可，完全用翻译器的请绕道~谢谢~~: Interim Report on Pressure Effect on Waxy-Crude Pipeline-Restart Conditions Investigated by a Model System Yield Phenomenon and Pipeline Restart. Yield stress is the threshold stress required to initiate ﬂow of a viscoplastic ᤙ... Interim Report on Pressure Effect on Waxy-Crude Pipeline-Restart Conditions Investigated by a Model System Yield Phenomenon and Pipeline Restart. Yield stress is the threshold stress required to initiate ﬂow of a viscoplastic ﬂ uid. Waxy crude-oil gels are viscoplastic in nature and exhibit time-dependent Bingham plastic ﬂow behavior during restart under imposed constant pumping pressure. The yielding process of a gel is a complicated process， and different models have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Wardhaugh and Boger (1991) defined yield stress as the “shear stress at which the gelled oil ceases to behave as a Hookean solid.” Chang et al. (1998) adopted a three-yield stress concept: elastic limit (which defines the onset of viscoelastic creep)， static (where fracture occurs)， and dynamic yield stress (which describes the broken down structure after yielding). Among these three， only the static yield stress is used to design the restart pump for initiation of flow after shut-in. Several types of apparatus and different techniques (direct and indirect) have been used for determining the yield stress. The results obtained and conclusions regarding their validity and usefulness differ widely. Setups used are capillary U-tubes， large pilot pipeline facilities， lab-scale model pipelines， controlled-stress or -shear rotational rheometry experiments (CSR). The capillary tube and pilot-scale pipeline measurement tech-niques have been criticized as being unsuitable for understanding the yielding behavior of statically cooled waxy crude oils because of nonlinear pressure distribution， pipe compressibility effects， porosity of wax structure， and contraction effects (Wardhaugh and Boger 1991). However， the authors added that an exception to their conclusion was the work by Ronningsen (1992)， where reasonable estimates of the yield stress as compared to model pipeline results were obtained with a constant stress rheometer. Recently， Lee et al. (2007) also reported the consistency between the concentric rheometer and a model pipeline system. In fact， model pipeline test is the most common laboratory method resorted to in gel strength measurement because of its geometrical resemblance to the real pipeline. In such tests， gel is formed under controlled conditions (cooling rate， aging temperature， etc.) and pressure is then slowly applied on one end of the gel until flow is observed. The gel strength (τ) is then calculated by: 公式1 展开

请帮看以下中药是冶什么的？: 北沙参10麦冬10白芷10辛夷10防风10党参10炙黄芪10白术10伏芩10细辛10竹蜂10人参叶10玉竹10䨥山石斛10... 北沙参 10 麦冬 10 白芷 10 辛夷10 防风 10 党参 10 炙黄芪 10 白术 10 伏芩 10细辛 10 竹蜂 10 人参叶 10 玉竹 10 䨥山石斛10 展开

编码器的型号和含义，请帮解释一下: E50S8-100-3-T-24，这个编码器是含义是什么，请讲具体一点，谢谢！

急求翻译请帮忙翻译一下这篇英文资料，急用！！！！: Wells-BrookfieldCone/PlateRapidDeterminationOfAbsoluteViscosityIntroductionTheWells-BrookfieldCone/PlateViscometergivesresearchersasophisticatedinstrumentforroutinelydete... Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Rapid Determination Of Absolute Viscosity Introduction The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer gives researchers a sophisticated instrument for routinely determining absolute viscosity of fluids in small sample volumes. Its cone and plate geometry provides the precision necessary for development of complete rheological data. Principle of Operation The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer is a precise torque meter which is driven at discrete rotational speeds. The torque measuring system， which consists of a calibrated beryllium-copper spring connecting the drive mechanism to a rotating cone， senses the resistance to rotation caused by the presence of sample fluid between the cone and a stationary flat plate. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress in the fluid. The amount of torque is indicated either on a dial or digital display， depending on model. This reading is easily converted to absolute centipoise units (mPa.s) from pre-calculated range charts. Alternatively， viscosity can be calculated from the known geometric constants of the cone， the rate of rotation， and the stress related torque. See Range Tables The correct relative position of cone and plate is obtained by following a simple mechanical procedure without the need for external gauges or supplementary instrumentation. The stationary plate forms the bottom of a sample cup which can be removed， filled with .5 ml to 2.0 ml of sample fluid (depending on cone in use)， and remounted without disturbing the calibration. The sample cup is jacketed and has tube fittings for connection to a constant temperature circulating bath. The system is accurate to within ?.0% of the working range. Reproducibility is to within ?.2%. Working temperature range is from 0oC to 100oC. 展开

请高手帮忙翻译化学名词，急需~~~~: 以下的技术指标用语都是关于PVC颗粒的，请知道的帮忙准确地翻译~~~谢谢VICATPOINTHARDNESSTENSILESTRENGTHYIELDPOINTELONGATIONATBREAKFLEXURALMODULUSIMPACTSTRENGTHINFLAMMABILITYA... 以下的技术指标用语都是关于PVC颗粒的，请知道的帮忙准确地翻译~~~谢谢 VICAT POINT HARDNESS TENSILE STRENGTH YIELD POINT ELONGATION AT BREAK FLEXURAL MODULUS IMPACT STRENGTH INFLAMMABILITY AV.A.P. IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER VOLATILES（INCL WATER） BULK DENSITY SIEVE RATIO “FISH EYE”NUMBER UNIT/400c㎡ RESIDUAL VCM PPM 展开

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