急求英译汉高手（词霸翻译不加分）翻译好了追加50

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急求英译汉高手（词霸翻译不加分）翻译好了追加50: http://hi.baidu.com/lyl464797826/blog/item/0c12e646eca6ee3287947334.html

急求翻译: 我认为一个人应当将自己的优点发挥到极限，这不仅有助于挖掘其自身的Z大价值，而且能够Z大限度地实现其自身的社会价值。我Z大的优点在于经过将近6年在武汉大学的测绘遥感专业的刻苦学习，我打下了一个非常扎实的专业基础。同时，我的思维敏捷，对于地球空... 我认为一个人应当将自己的优点发挥到极限，这不仅有助于挖掘其自身的Z大价值，而且能够Z大限度地实现其自身的社会价值。我Z大的优点在于经过将近6年在武汉大学的测绘遥感专业的刻苦学习，我打下了一个非常扎实的专业基础。同时，我的思维敏捷，对于地球空间信息科研成果与产业化之间的关联，有很灵敏的感触和浓厚的兴趣，富有开创性思维，并有多项目的实践经验。我的缺点是没有一个自己的duchuang的核心理论或者技术，然后我认为这对于我来说也是一个机会。明年的7月份将要取得我的硕士学位，这段时间里我的主要任务是做好毕业设计。我打算毕业后花四年时间在加拿大滑铁卢大学环境学院完成我的博士位，目前我已经收到来滑铁卢大学研究生院的入学邀请。我之所以申请这个博士生项目的原因如下：（1）在我的硕士阶段，我参与了实验室的“5.12地震遥感信息收集与灾情评估项目组”，主要负责搜集加拿大与美国利用雷达影像在防灾减灾中的成功应用。在我这段时间的研究中我发现LiDAR技术是集激光、定位系统(GPS)和惯性导航系统(INS)三种技术与一身的空间测量新技术，其在遥感、测绘、环境监测、防灾减灾中等领域具有广阔的发展前景和应用需求。而加拿大正是以环境管理和激光雷达技术于世，这些都是ZG当前中长期发展急需发展的交叉学科和技术。我在滑铁卢的研究将是“land-based mobile LIDAR data processing and the application for Emergency Response”，相信四年之后，我学成回国，必将能够大显身手、回报祖国。（2）ZG测绘遥感领域在科学研究上已经取得了辉煌的成就，但是在技术产业化以及本行业项目管理上，则远远落后与欧美国家，很多技术的Z高成就是论文而不是产品或者服务。学习与实习并重的合作教育(co-operative education)也是滑铁卢大学同其办学的一大特色，学生在课程进行期间将在相关机构工作以作实习，它目前进行的合作教育计划是Z大。在滑铁卢的学习，我将充分利用合作教育的机会，申请到加拿大空间信息领域的公司实习，学习他们的项目管理经验以及如何将技术转化为应用。回国后，结合ZG的国情，致力于将测绘遥感技术直接GX地应用于服务社会。另外，我得知滑铁卢大学的孔子学院已于去年揭幕。通过我在滑铁卢大学的朋友我也了解到滑铁卢大学的孔子学院目前也十分缺乏中文老师。我已经跟那边的孔子学院的系主任取得联系，他们对我的汉语写作和表达能力十分满意并且欢迎我到他们学院志愿为为学生补习汉语。尽管我的能力有限，但是我会尽力用我的真诚和热情去帮助他们了解和欣赏美丽的ZG语言和文化，一点一点地去用行动实践我的诺言——让自己将来做一个关心社会，对社会的发展有贡献的人。展开

高分求高手翻译，不要机械翻译: Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review fo... Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review focuses on the recent research advances in bimetallic DENs with respect to their synthesis，characterization，and applications as catalysts.Bimetallic DENs can be made mainly via three routes:co-complexation，sequential loading，and partial displacement.The research in bimetallic DENs has been significantly promoted by the advancement of characterization instruments.The performances of bimetallic DENs as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis have been compared with both monometallic DENs and their physical mixtures.It is concluded that the synergistic electronic effect in bimetallic nanoparticles enhances their catalytic activities. 能翻译多少都可以的展开

高手翻译，有追加！谢谢，拒绝机译！: 为研制更为安全有效的疫苗用于禽传染性支气管炎的防制。本研究选取IBV的M基因，通过PCR扩增在两端引入BamHⅠ酶切位点，经酶切插入“自杀性”DNA疫苗载体pSCA1 CMV IE启动子之下的克隆位点，构建了“自杀性”DNA疫苗表达质粒pSCA1-M。经由菌落PCR、酶切及测序鉴... 为研制更为安全有效的疫苗用于禽传染性支气管炎的防制。本研究选取IBV的M基因，通过PCR扩增在两端引入BamHⅠ酶切位点，经酶切插入“自杀性”DNA疫苗载体pSCA1 CMV IE启动子之下的克隆位点，构建了“自杀性”DNA疫苗表达质粒pSCA1-M。经由菌落PCR、酶切及测序鉴定目的基因被成功克隆至载体pSCA1，且方向正确。分别取等量的重组质粒pSCA1-M、常规IBV M基因DNA疫苗pcDNAM及空载体pSCA1转染Vero细胞。48h后经间接免疫荧光试验观察发现，pSCA1-M以及pcDNAM转染组细胞浆均可见特异性亮绿色荧光，pSCA1空载体组无荧光为阴性。这证实“自杀性”DNA疫苗载体能成功表达M基因。而pSCA1-M组所发荧光细胞数比pcDNAM组少，说明的“自杀性”DNA疫苗转染率低于常规DNA疫苗。为评价IBV “自杀性”DNA疫苗的免疫效果，分别用构建的“自杀性”DNA疫苗pSCA1-M、常规DNA疫苗pcDNAM、空载体pSCA1和IBV灭活疫苗免疫非免疫健康雏鸡，并设对照组注射等量的PBS液。自免疫后每隔一周各组鸡只采血分离血清持续五周，采用流式细胞仪(FACS)和间接ELISA试验分别对宿主外周血T淋巴细胞亚类CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和特异性抗IBV血清IgG的动态变化进行检测，并在第五周后以IBV强毒株进行攻毒保护实验。间接ELISA试验检测结果表明，我们构建的“自杀性”DNA疫苗能刺激机体产生针对IBV的特异性血清抗体，免疫后第三周上升到峰值，随后开始下降，其抗体水平与常规IBV DNA疫苗相当，低于灭活疫苗。T淋巴细胞亚类动态变化结果显示，“自杀性”DNA疫苗pSCA1-M组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+各T淋巴细胞数量均高于其余各组，表现为差异显著（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）。但在第4周左右有一个明显的下降，之后又略有回升。这说明“自杀性”DNA疫苗能诱导机体产生高于常规DNA疫苗和灭活疫苗的细胞免疫，但随着宿主细胞的凋亡迅速下降。攻毒保护试验结果统计，pSCA1-M组鸡只发病率为12%，保护率为45%；pcDNAM组鸡只发病率为13%，保护率略低于pSCA1-M，为40%；空载体组发病率（75%）＜对照组（85%），攻毒保护率两组相同为25%；灭活苗组无鸡只发病死亡。对强毒的抵抗力单基因的“自杀性”DNA疫苗与常规DNA疫苗相当（40%）＜灭活苗（）。本研究采用IBV M基因构建“自杀性”DNA疫苗对鸡进行免疫，并对其免疫效果进行评价，在国内外还未见报道。可为研制IBV “自杀性”DNA疫苗提供了基础材料和科学依据。万分感谢！！！展开

急求翻译毕业论文: 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢... 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢展开

翻译 (好会追加分): Internationalised Normal Ratio(INR) elevations and/or bleeding events have been reported in some patients taking warfarin(see Pharmacokinetic Properties' section). patients taking warfarin should be monitored regularly for changes in proth... Internationalised Normal Ratio(INR) elevations and/or bleeding events have been reported in some patients taking warfarin(see Pharmacokinetic Properties' section). patients taking warfarin should be monitored regularly for changes in prothrombin time or INR. patients shouldbe advised to seek medical advice promptly in the event of developing any eye symptoms or severe or persistent diarrhoea ， nausea vomiting or anorexia(see Pharmacokinetic Properties' section). These symptoms should be managed as clinically indicated. Randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that Iressa combined with doublet ， platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC provides no added benefit over ther cytototxic in patientswho have previously received treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. In a phase I/II trial of IRESSA and radiation in paediatric patients， newly diagnosed with brain stem glioma or incompletely resected supratentorialmalignant glioma， 4 cases(1fatal) of CNS haemorrhages have been reported from trialwith IRESSA alone. There is no evidence to suggest any increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage in adult patients with NSCLC receiving IRESSA. Phase IIclinical trial data， where IRESSA and vinorelbine have been used concomitantly， indicate that Iressa may exacebate the neutropenic effctof vinorbine. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction In vitro studies with human hepatic microsomes have shown that the metabolism of gefitinib is predomiantly via the CYP3A4 isoform of the hepatic cytochromeP-450 system. Gefitinib may be sxpected to interact with otehr drgs that induce， inhibit or are metabolised by this system. Gefitinib showed littl enzyme induction effect in animal studies and in vitro sutdies have shown that gefitinib has limited potentialto inhibit CYP2D6. The clinically or potentially significantclinical drug interactions between gefitinib and the following drugs/ durg classes are described below. Other Drugs that effect gefitinib Demonstrated interactions Drugs that inhaibit CYP3A4 co-administraion with itraconazole(a CYP3A4)resuulted in an 80% increase in the mean AUC of gefitinibin healthy volunteers. This increase may bbe clinically relevant since adverse experiences are related to dose and exposure. Although interaction studies with other CYP3A4 inhibitors have not been performed it is expected that drugs such as ketoconaxole， clotrimazole， ritonovir would also inhibit gefitinib metabolism. Drugs that Increase gastric pH In a trial in healthy volunteers co-adminstrationof drugs that cause significant sustined elevations in gastric pH>=5， resulted in a reduced mean gefitinib AUC by 47%. This may reduce efficacy Rifampicin Co-administration with rifa mpicin(a known potent CYP3A4 inducer) in healthy volunteers reduced meangefitinib AUC by 83% of that without rifampicin. Theoretical interactions 展开

翻译翻译，请高手帮我翻译一下这个说明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展开

跪求高手猛人帮忙翻译！！！！急: 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析梨是全世界一个重要的，分布广泛的果树。栽培面积大，历史悠久。梨也是配子体自交不亲和的代表植物之一。S基因是影响植物自交不亲和的关键基因，现在世界上共发现了？个S等位基因，对植物自交不亲和机理的研究起着非常重要的... 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析梨是全世界一个重要的，分布广泛的果树。栽培面积大，历史悠久。梨也是配子体自交不亲和的代表植物之一。S基因是影响植物自交不亲和的关键基因，现在世界上共发现了？个S等位基因，对植物自交不亲和机理的研究起着非常重要的作用。本实验从？梨雌蕊中提取总RNA，然后运用RT-PCR，RACE等技术来获取S15基因的cDNA全长，并用琼脂糖凝胶电泳，核酸蛋白仪，套式PCE，质粒克隆，目的基因测序以及生物信息学软件来检测，分析提取RNA的质量。实验结果得到了高质量的RNA以及S15基因cDNA全长。展开

翻译~~高手进: 汉族占全国人口的94%，是主体民族，而且“汉语”就是“中文”。ZG有56个民族，如果要找出一个Z能代表整个国家的东西，shou选自然是占主体汉服。... 汉族占全国人口的94%，是主体民族，而且“汉语”就是“中文”。ZG有56个民族，如果要找出一个Z能代表整个国家的东西，shou选自然是占主体汉服。展开

跪求（急求）帮忙翻译一下: 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分... 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分析测定有干扰的基本物质，制成便于测定的溶液形式。样品的预处理过程都是在无机前处理室进行的。主要仪器：ETHOS A微波消解仪、SD500电热板、Mill-Q Advandage A10超纯水仪等。光谱室主要开展食品、饮用水等样品中重金属元素含量检测工作，各类仪器针对不同的物质进行检测有其各自的优势。原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列仪器主要用于铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠等项目检测，双道原子荧光光度计吉天AFS-820a系列仪器主要用于砷、汞、锡等项目检测。光谱分析技术已经被广泛应用于食品和水质检测、环境保护、医药卫生等领域。主要仪器：原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列、双道原子荧光光度计AFS-820a系列。承检项目：食品、饮用水中重金属铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、砷、汞、锡等。要英文的谢谢展开

急求英文高手翻译一段摘要有关夹具设计的: Abstract In this paper， the general situation of research on agile fixture design is summarized and the achievements and deficiencies in the field of case-based fixture design are pointed out. There are no correlative case bases and match... Abstract In this paper， the general situation of research on agile fixture design is summarized and the achievements and deficiencies in the field of case-based fixture design are pointed out. There are no correlative case bases and matching mechanisms during the period from establishing the fixture planning to designing the fixture in currently used case-based fixture design systems. Thus a great amount of experience of fixture design is wasted and cannot be re-used， which reduces design efficiency and violates the original intention of case-based reasoning methods. In order to realize agility of fixture design， including re-configurability， re-scalability and re-usability， in this paper， a re-configurable agile fixture element base and an element assembly relation base are established. Using these two bases， the fixture structure is function-based decomposed， which makes it easy for an agile fixture to be re-configured and modified. Furthermore， a whole case-based agile fixture design model is presented， in which three modules are introduced， including the evaluation of the similarity of fixture planning， conflict arbitration and the modification of an agile fixture case. The three modules can be used to solve a problem where experience and design results cannot be re-used in the process of fixture design. Against the agile fixture design model， the evaluation method is put forward to evaluate the similarity in various phases. However， a similar case in the base could not generally meet the actual requirement and resolve the conflict between the similar case and the actual condition. Thus three methods， including a local restriction-relaxed method， a function-based conflict arbitration method and a case-based conflict arbitration method， are presented to clear up the conflict and could be used to modify the case to obtain an approach to a design result. Finally， an agile fixture design example is presented. The result demonstrates that the case-based agile fixture design approach can improve re-usability and design efficiency. Keywords: Agile fixture design; Case-based reasoning; Modeling 展开

求翻译。。。。。。。。。。。: During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposi... During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposition [19]， chemical vapor deposition [20]， laser vaporization-condensation [21]， charge transferring [22]， an organic reagent-assisted method [23]， solution-liquid-solid method [24] and catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth [25]. With these routes， various nanoscale or microscale aggregates can demonstrate novel architectures， including tree-like， web-like， spherical， nanowire-like， network and fishbone-like aggregates. As a well-known method for producing the nanocapsules， however， arc-discharge has been rarely used to synthesize the aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules prepared simultaneously in arc-discharge. Nevertheless， it is possible that the arc-discharge can be developed into a new way to synthesize the aggregates. In the present work， we utilized arc-discharge technique with modified strategies， involving changing the hydrogen pressure， introducing gadolinium - aluminum alloy ingot as the anode and adjusting the elements percent of the anode according to their evaporation pressure， to synthesize a new type of nanocapsules， with intermetallic compound GdAl2 as core and amorphous Al2O3 as shell， which enlarge the family of the magnetic nanocapsules. At the same time， the regularly aligned three-dimensional macro-aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules without any template and catalyst were simultaneously synthesized in arc-discharge process. 展开

急求翻译请帮忙翻译一下这篇英文资料，急用！！！！: Wells-BrookfieldCone/PlateRapidDeterminationOfAbsoluteViscosityIntroductionTheWells-BrookfieldCone/PlateViscometergivesresearchersasophisticatedinstrumentforroutinelydete... Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Rapid Determination Of Absolute Viscosity Introduction The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer gives researchers a sophisticated instrument for routinely determining absolute viscosity of fluids in small sample volumes. Its cone and plate geometry provides the precision necessary for development of complete rheological data. Principle of Operation The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer is a precise torque meter which is driven at discrete rotational speeds. The torque measuring system， which consists of a calibrated beryllium-copper spring connecting the drive mechanism to a rotating cone， senses the resistance to rotation caused by the presence of sample fluid between the cone and a stationary flat plate. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress in the fluid. The amount of torque is indicated either on a dial or digital display， depending on model. This reading is easily converted to absolute centipoise units (mPa.s) from pre-calculated range charts. Alternatively， viscosity can be calculated from the known geometric constants of the cone， the rate of rotation， and the stress related torque. See Range Tables The correct relative position of cone and plate is obtained by following a simple mechanical procedure without the need for external gauges or supplementary instrumentation. The stationary plate forms the bottom of a sample cup which can be removed， filled with .5 ml to 2.0 ml of sample fluid (depending on cone in use)， and remounted without disturbing the calibration. The sample cup is jacketed and has tube fittings for connection to a constant temperature circulating bath. The system is accurate to within ?.0% of the working range. Reproducibility is to within ?.2%. Working temperature range is from 0oC to 100oC. 展开

高手帮忙翻译！！+100: 虚拟仪器是一种新的测试与测控技术，近年来得到了迅速发展，基于虚拟仪器的机器视觉系统就是其领域的一个重要分支。本文围绕基于虚拟仪器的机器视觉有关理论和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷检测中... 虚拟仪器是一种新的测试与测控技术，近年来得到了迅速发展，基于虚拟仪器的机器视觉系统就是其领域的一个重要分支。本文围绕基于虚拟仪器的机器视觉有关理论和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷检测中的具体应用进行了研究。针对玻璃瓶这一对象检测的高精度、高准确度、实时性的特点，本文提出了一种基于LabVIEW的数字图像处理检测方案，并在设计过程中解决了一系列关键问题：利用硬件和软件的编程实现了对玻璃瓶口的缺陷监测；使用阈值进行图像的二值化处理，并进行开启、闭合以增强图像质量；使用Vision Builder AI对有故障的图像进行故障特征识别；通过理论研究与实验，证明了本文所提出的玻璃瓶口缺陷监测方法是有效和可行的，为其机器视觉检测的进一步研究和开发奠定了很好的基础请用专业术语，不要用在线翻译。谢谢····好可以多加分展开

翻译，不要机器的，急需！（中括号中数字不翻译）好的有加分！！！: 毛细管电色谱（capillary electrochromatography，CEC）是在毛细管电泳技术不断发展和GX液相色谱理论日益完善的基础上发展起来的一种具有两者双重分离性能的分离分析方法[64，65]。它在毛细管内填充液相色谱固定相或在管壁键合固定相，在两端施加高电压，以... 毛细管电色谱（capillary electrochromatography，CEC）是在毛细管电泳技术不断发展和GX液相色谱理论日益完善的基础上发展起来的一种具有两者双重分离性能的分离分析方法[64，65]。它在毛细管内填充液相色谱固定相或在管壁键合固定相，在两端施加高电压，以电渗流驱动流动相经过色谱分离柱，溶质根据它们在固定相和流动相之间的分配以及它们电泳淌度的不同而得以分离。CEC以具有塞子流型的电渗流代替了具有抛物线流型的压力流，因而具有毛细管区带电泳(CZE) 的高柱效。CEC 采用液相色谱的固定相和流动相，因而还具有GX液相色谱的高选择性。因此，CEC 自诞生以来就一直是分析化学研究领域的热点课题，并已逐渐进入应用领域[66，67]。 CEC 的核心部件是毛细管电色谱柱。根据固定相存在形式的不同，毛细管电色谱柱被分为开管柱、填充柱和整体柱。运行中的焦耳热效应、塞子界面效应和气泡效应限制了填充毛细管电色谱（packed-column CEC，PCCEC）柱的发展和应用[68，69]。整体柱则存在溶胀、受热变形、机械性能差等不足，并且很难获得孔径分布非常均一的连续床，因此分离小分子化合物时很难得到较高的柱效[2]。开管柱制备和运行过程简单、易于控制，柱效高，且OTCEC 中的电渗流流速比PCCEC 中的大60% [70]，因此更适于快速分析。但是，其Z大的缺点是相比小，柱容量低。因此制备开管柱的关键是增加表面积，提高相比和柱容量。本节中，我们将上节制备的十八烷基改性纳米二氧化硅涂层毛细管柱应用于 OTCEC 领域，希望通过液相沉积的纳米颗粒来增加固定相的相比，提高柱容量。随后，我们研究了该柱的电渗流行为，并对电色谱性能进行了评价。展开

继续求翻译: Ethylacetate(Quimis，p.a.)，methanol(Quimis，p.a.)，sec-butanol(Merck，HPLCgrade)，oleicacid(Merck，extrapure)，hydrogenperoxide(Interox，70%，w/waqueoussolution)，aluminumoxideforc... Ethyl acetate (Quimis， p.a.)， methanol (Quimis， p.a.)， sec- butanol (Merck， HPLC grade)， oleic acid (Merck， extra pure)， hydrogen peroxide (Interox， 70%， w/w aqueous solution)， aluminum oxide for chromatography (Fluka， 0.05–0.15 mm)， aluminum oxide for column chromatography (Acros Organics， activated， acidic， 0.1–0.5 mm)， aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (Aldrich， 99.99%)， oxalic acid (Synth， p.a.)， di-n-butyl ether (Fluka， >99%) and soybean oil (Cargill) were used as received. The solution of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide (24%， w/w) in ethyl acetate was prepared from aqueous H2O2 (70%， w/w) in ethyl acetate by azeotropic distillation with a Dean-Stark apparatus [14] The products were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with a AT-Wax column and interfaced with a Hewlett-Packard 5971A mass spectrometer. Helium was used as the carrier gas. A similarly equipped Hewlett-Packard5890 gas chromatograph using nitrogen as the carrier gas and a flame ionization detector was used for product quantification， with the help of calibration curves. 展开

求翻译文献: Anionsarecommonlyfoundintheenvironmentandbiologicalsystems.Forinstance，fluorideiswidelyusedindentalcareapplicationsandexhibitsinhibitionofcertainenzymefunctions.1Inadditi... Anions are commonly found in the environment and biological systems. For instance， fluoride is widely used in dental care applications and exhibits inhibition of certain enzyme functions.1 In addition to playing a central role in biological regulation， chloride is also a major groundwater contaminant that can corrode steel and concrete.2 Thyroid hormone synthesis largely determines iodine content.3 Acetate is a possible tracer for malignancies and has been extensively investigated in prostate cancer and its metastases.4 Phosphate ion is biologically and environmentally significant.5 Cyanide exerts adverse effects on human health as well as environment at low concentrations. Determining anions concentration is thus of primary concern in many areas， including food processing， industry， and clinic analysis.6 However， hydrophilic anions， such as F- and Cl-， form strong hydrogen bonds with protic solvents. Therefore， developing fluorescent probes based on electrostatic interactions for anions functioning in polar protic solvents is both challenging and currently infeasible. 展开

求韩语翻译: 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 &... 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 모양의 틀에 발라져 있는 것입니다、求准确翻译 PS 3元催化剂是安装在汽车排气管上的展开

文献求翻译: Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for th... Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for the synthesis of primary tert-alkylamines from nitriles (Scheme 1). Thus propionitrile (1a)， phenylmagnesium bromide (2) and Ti(Oi-Pr)4 were chosen to optimize the reaction conditions. In the protocol for the synthesis of cyclopropylamines，10 Ti(Oi-Pr)4 is already present in the diethyl ether solution of a nitrile， before two equivalents of the Grignard reagent are added. As this did not appear to be optimal for the synthesis of primary tertalkylamines， the Grignard reagent was added before Ti(Oi-Pr)4. With 2 equivalents of PhMgBr， 0.1 equivalent of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， and 1 equivalent of propionitrile (1a)， the primary tert-alkylamine 8a was not formed at all. With an equimolar quantity of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， the amine 8a was produced in a low yield (11%) but with 1 equivalent of Ti(Oi- Pr)4 and 3 equivalents of the Grignard reagent 2， a 60% yield of 8a was obtained. Monitoring of the reaction by workup of aliquots of the reaction mixture showed that the first addition of 2 to form the N-magnesio derivative of the corresponding imine was rapid， whereas the subsequent second addition of the Grignard reagent 2 required heating under reflux for up to 24 hours. In tetrahydrofuran instead of diethyl ether， the amine 8a was formed in a very low yield， if at all. 展开

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