1. AFAM is a state-of-the-art SPM technique that can be used to map variations in surface hardness of soft as well as very hard samples where other techniques, such as Phase Imaging or Force Modulation, fail. 2. In AFAM mode, the resonance response from the cantilever is measured when the cantilever tip is in contact with the sample surface. By adjusting the force of contact the influence of adhesion force can be almost excluded or approached to zero. 3. With AFAM its possible to perform numerical calculations of hardness and Youngs module, as this unique opportunity is included in our software as an option based on the theory of Prof. Walter Arnold. 4. The contrast of AFAM images is much sharper comparing with one obtained in Phase Imaging or Force Modulation mode. 5. AFAM can be operated in air as well as in liquid environment (i.e. in droplet). 6. AFAM is a non-destructive technique. 原子力声学显微镜AFAM