拜托！谁能帮我翻译一下这段文字？？

rhi663 2007-05-28 05:49:44 337 浏览

摘要：在物质文明飞速发展的今天，传感器技术作为一门新兴学科已经得到了大规模的开发和应用。现在随着科学技术的进步以及电子计算机、机器人、自动控制技术和单片机嵌入系统的迅速发展，迫切需要形形的传感器。显而易见，传感器在现代科学技术领域中占... 摘要：在物质文明飞速发展的今天，传感器技术作为一门新兴学科已经得到了大规模的开发和应用。现在随着科学技术的进步以及电子计算机、机器人、自动控制技术和单片机嵌入系统的迅速发展，迫切需要形形的传感器。显而易见，传感器在现代科学技术领域中占有极其重要的地位。了解、掌握和应用传感器已成为电子专业技术人员的必需技能。本文以酒精测试仪为例，详细阐述了气体传感器的工作原理，并与实际电路相结合，对其具体工作过程进行了分析探讨，对以气敏元件为基础构成的传感器的未来发展趋势与应用也有所探讨。酒精测试仪主要应用于交通JC测试司机是否有酒后驾驶的情况出现，从而避免交通隐患，保证车辆安全行驶。与之相关的气体传感器设备如：有毒气体报警器、自动去湿装置、自动空气净化换气扇等也逐渐出现在人们的视线中，可见传感器技术在人们日常生活中所起的作用越来越大。通过阅读本文，读者可以了解到气体传感器的工作原理、理论基础和实际应用。关键词：气体传感器酒精半导体气敏元件展开

参与评论

登录后参与评论

全部评论(1条)

D8观光团04 2007-05-29 00:00:00

Abstract : The rapid development of material civilization today， Sensor technology as a new discipline has been a large-scale development and application. Now that the progress in science and technology and computers， robotics， Control technology embedded microcontroller system and the rapid development of the urgent need for all kinds of sensors. Clearly， sensors in the field of modern science and technology， occupies an extremely important position. Understand， and apply electronic sensors have become professional and technical personnel necessary skills. Based Alcohol Tester example， a detailed explanation of the gas sensor principle， and the actual circuit and the combination of Regarding the specifics of the process were analyzed， gas sensors right to form the basis for the future development of sensors and the application of the trend has been to explore. Alcohol Tester main drivers for traffic police test whether drink-driving case， thus avoiding the transport of hidden dangers， guarantee the safety of vehicles traveling. Associated equipment such as gas sensors : toxic gas alarm， automatic suction device automatic air purification Ventilator also began to emerge in the people's attention. Visibility sensor technology in people's daily life plays an increasingly important role. By reading this paper， readers can see gas sensor principle， the theoretical basis and practical application. Key words : gas sensors alcohol semiconductor gas sensors

赞(20)

回复(0)

评论

评论
登录后参与评论

热门问答

拜托！谁能帮我翻译一下这段文字？？: 摘要：在物质文明飞速发展的今天，传感器技术作为一门新兴学科已经得到了大规模的开发和应用。现在随着科学技术的进步以及电子计算机、机器人、自动控制技术和单片机嵌入系统的迅速发展，迫切需要形形的传感器。显而易见，传感器在现代科学技术领域中占... 摘要：在物质文明飞速发展的今天，传感器技术作为一门新兴学科已经得到了大规模的开发和应用。现在随着科学技术的进步以及电子计算机、机器人、自动控制技术和单片机嵌入系统的迅速发展，迫切需要形形的传感器。显而易见，传感器在现代科学技术领域中占有极其重要的地位。了解、掌握和应用传感器已成为电子专业技术人员的必需技能。本文以酒精测试仪为例，详细阐述了气体传感器的工作原理，并与实际电路相结合，对其具体工作过程进行了分析探讨，对以气敏元件为基础构成的传感器的未来发展趋势与应用也有所探讨。酒精测试仪主要应用于交通JC测试司机是否有酒后驾驶的情况出现，从而避免交通隐患，保证车辆安全行驶。与之相关的气体传感器设备如：有毒气体报警器、自动去湿装置、自动空气净化换气扇等也逐渐出现在人们的视线中，可见传感器技术在人们日常生活中所起的作用越来越大。通过阅读本文，读者可以了解到气体传感器的工作原理、理论基础和实际应用。关键词：气体传感器酒精半导体气敏元件展开

谁能帮我翻译一下这段英文文献啊: Fig. 1 shows that diamond particles are dispersed in the copper matrix. Since the diamond particles are easy to be stripped off during mechanical polishing， small pits are left on the surface of samples. When the samples were analyzed b... Fig. 1 shows that diamond particles are dispersed in the copper matrix. Since the diamond particles are easy to be stripped off during mechanical polishing， small pits are left on the surface of samples. When the samples were analyzed by electron probe for carbon， the particles displayed high carbon peaks， as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 exhibits the analyzed result for extracted product of the copper–diamond composite by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It is shown that three dif- fraction peaks exist， shown as A， B and C， respectively. The interplanar distances corresponding to the three peaks and standard ones for diamond are compared in Table 1. The measured values of the interplanar distances are in good agreement with the standard ones， demon- strating that the extracted product should be the carbon in diamond state. Fig. 4(a) gives a TEM micrograph showing distribution and morphology of diamond particles (indicated as A， B， and C) in the copper–diamond composite. The calibration of interplanar distance for diffraction rings in Fig. 4(b) was given in Table 2. Compared to Table 1， it is also demon- strated that the calibrated interplanar distances for the diffraction rings conform to the standard ones of diamond. Therefore， it is believed that the graphitization of diamond particles hardly occurs after sintering at 1150–1220 K in the copper–diamond composite. Although diamond is a metastable allotropic modifica- tion of carbon， the graphitization of diamond particles in the copper–diamond composite did not occur， or the degree of graphitization was too small to be found. It is believed that the beginning temperature of graphi- tization would be associated with the purity of diamond powders. The impurities such as some metallic elements reduce the beginning temperature of diamond graphitiza- tion. When diamond is fabricated by the static synthesis method， Fe and Ni are often used as catalysts and are present in diamond as impurities to decrease the beginning temperature of graphitization [6]. It is understandable that both for the graphitization and its reverse reactions， their activation energies can be decreased by catalytic agents. Compared with the diamond fabricated by static synthesis， the diamond powders prepared by explosion method do not contain metallic impurities， thus leading to an obvious increase in the beginning temperature of graphitization. Hence， the detonation synthetic diamond might be more resistant to graphitization and probably suitable for the electric contact materials. 展开

急！！！谁能帮我翻译一下？万分感谢！: Definitions: APQP ASDE BOM EPR ESWP Advanced Product Quality Planning Advanced Supplier Development Engineer Bill of Material Early Program Review Early Sourcing Work Plan. A report including Commodity Classification (Metals，... Definitions: APQP ASDE BOM EPR ESWP Advanced Product Quality Planning Advanced Supplier Development Engineer Bill of Material Early Program Review Early Sourcing Work Plan. A report including Commodity Classification (Metals， Non- Metals， Electrical/electronics)， source-required dates， cost targets， and production tooling kick-off required dates for all purchased components. The document representing the European ESWP is On Track， the NA is PPTM. Procedure # VP-014 LRR On Track PPAP PPTM PSW RPC SDE SOP SPE VPDS vTPS Procedure: Launch Readiness Review European version of the Early Sourcing Work Plan (ESWP) Production Part Approval Process Purchased Parts Tracking Matrix (ESWP/PPTM): The North American version of the ESWP. The ESWP/PPTM is an Access Database maintained by NA Program Purchasing (vTPS) to capture all Forward Model Purchase Component information. Part Submission Warrant Regional Program Coordinator is a function within SPE in Europe and South America. Supplier Development Engineer Start Of Production (sometimes referred to as Job 1) Supplier Performance Engineer (combined ASD and SD Engineer) Visteon Product Development System ， PD/Program Management Gateway process used to manage the successful launch of new model programs. The North American data storage system which holds all PPTM/ESWP data. vTPS is an Access Database Responsibility: Process Map/Flowchart (1) Lead: RPC/SPE (EU & SA) (1) Lead – ASDE (NA & Asia) Conduct High Impact Assessment assign ASD / SP engineer on formal W/support from: Program sourcing and / or change of BOM. Buyer PD Engineer Program Manager – All Regions (2) Notes/Deliverables (1) Inputs:  ESWP or local equivalent from VP-040 Project Supply Management Outputs:  High Impact Assessment Form (VF-014a or local equivalent) Notes:  Conduct High Impact Assessment and record results per local work instructions (2) Lead: RPC/SPE (EU & SA) Lead – ASDE (NA & Asia) W/support from: Program Buyer - All Regions， Buyer - All Regions (3) Lead: Program Buyer (NA & EU & Asia) Lead: RPC/SPE (SA) (4) No No (2) Is the part High Impact? (3) Can Supplier achieve PSW Timing? Yes Go to Step # 5. Yes Go to Step # 8. (3) Notes:  Record PPAP status on local tracking system. (4) Hard Copies of This Document are Uncontrolled Page 2 of 4 (4) Acceptable risk to Yes 展开

谁帮我翻译一下: LabVIEWTM(LaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench)isapowerfulinstrumentationandanalysisprogramminglanguageforPCsrunningMicrosoftWindows，SunSPARCstations，AppleMaci... LabVIEWTM (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a powerful instrumentation and analysis programming language for PCs running Microsoft Windows， Sun SPARCstations， Apple Macintosh computers， Concurrent PowerMax， and HP-UX workstations. LabVIEW departs from the sequential nature of traditional programming languages and features a graphical programming environment and all the tools needed for data acquisition， analysis， and presentation. With this graphical programming language， called “G，” you can program in a block diagram notation， the natural design notation of scientists and engineers. After you create a block diagram program， LabVIEW compiles it into machine code. LabVIEW integrates data acquisition， analysis， and presentation in one system. For acquiring data and controlling instruments， LabVIEW supports RS-232/422， IEEE 488 (GPIB)， and VXI， including Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA) functions， as well as plug-in data acquisition (DAQ) boards. An instrument library with drivers for hundreds of instruments simplifies instrument control applications. For analyzing data， the extensive Analysis library contains functions for signal generation， signal processing， filters， windows， statistics， regression， linear algebra， and array arithmetic. Because LabVIEW is graphical in nature， it is inherently a data presentation package. LabVIEW can generate charts， graphs， and customized， user-defined graphics. 尽量翻的好一点，谢谢能不能对GOOGLE自动翻译过的稍加修改下展开

请帮忙翻译一下，拜托: A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF... A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF aqueous solution. SEM and XRD results showed that Ni(OH)2 particles were well distributed on high density， well-ordered and uniform TiO2 nanotube arrays. The photoelectrochemical properties of the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode were investigated in NaHCO3/NaOH buffer solution (pH 10) by means of UV–vis absorption spectra， cyclic voltammogram (CV) and photocurrent measurements. It was found that the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode was highly sensitive to light and exhibited excellent photoelectrochromic properties. Upon UV irradiation， the photogenerated holes by TiO2 nanotube arrays can oxidize Ni(OH)2 to NiOOH， and thus the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode can be photo-charged by light。1. Introduction Among many visible light photocatalysts， TiO2nanostructures have attracted much attention due to high photocatalytic activ-ity， nontoxicity， chemical stability and huge potential applications [1–6]. The TiO2 nanotube array is one of most attention-getting TiO2nanostructures because of large surface area and outstanding charge transport properties. TiO2nanotube arrays can be utilized in dye-sensitized solar cells[7–9]， photocatalysis and hydrogen gas sensing [10]. So far， a variety of methods have been attempted to prepare TiO2 nanotube arrays， such as hydrothermal synthe-sis[11]， Langmuir–Blodgett technique [12]， solution casting [13] and anodization technique[10，14]， etc. Among these methods， the anodization technique has many advantages of low cost， low tem-perature and easy to be scaled up to large-area preparation. Recently， anewkindof photo-functional systemwith theenergy storage ability has been developed by coupling TiO2 photosen-sitive electrode with energy storage materials. In Takahashi and Tatsuma’swork[15]，aTiO2/Ni(OH)2bilayer thinfilmwas suggested for the oxidative energy storage. In this case， a redox-activep-type semiconductor Ni(OH)2is coupled withn-type TiO2photocatalyst to formap–njunction，WhenTiO2is illuminatedby light， holesgen-erated at the junction are separated from excited electrons， trans-ported into the bulk of Ni(OH)2and oxidized Ni(OH)2to NiOOH. Therefore， the oxidative energy storage system was constructed 展开

请翻译一下这段英文1，谢谢: Materials For the present study， the matrix was ABS supplied by Formosa Co. The reinforcements were polyacrylonitrile based high strength CFs. The properties of materials used were given in Table 1. Carbon fibre surface treatment Carbon fi... Materials For the present study， the matrix was ABS supplied by Formosa Co. The reinforcements were polyacrylonitrile based high strength CFs. The properties of materials used were given in Table 1. Carbon fibre surface treatment Carbon fibres were oxidised by boiling in HNO3 under reflux for 5 h (T5120uC). Afterwards， the nitric acid oxidised fibres were washed with distilled water to neutral pH. Fibre surface composition The fibres were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA 300， Scienta， Sweden) to determine the level of functionalisation of the modified fibres. An initial survey scan was performed to determine the detectable elements， followed by high resolution scans. The entire X-ray photoelectron spectrum was energy referenced to the C1s peak of graphite (bending energy5284?5 eV). Composite preparation Before processing， ABS pellets and CFs were dried in a vacuum oven for 4 h at 80uC. Composites containing 0， 5， 10， 15， 20， 25 and 30 wt-% SCF were prepared by melt mixing in a co-rotating twin screw extruder (Thermoprism TSE 16 TC， L/D:24). The ABS pellets and CFs were fed from the main and side feeders respectively. The molten composite obtained from the die of the extruder was water cooled and pelletised. The extrusion conditions were arranged， as shown in Table 2. The viscosity of the melt containing CFs depends on the viscosity of the polymer matrix as well as the processing temperature. To avoid unfavourable shearing conditions， the melt temperature is kept as high as possible regarding thermal degradation. Before PA6 was blended to promote interfacial adhesion， vacuum drying of the ABS and PA6 pellets was carried out at 80uC for 4 and 12 h respectively. The 0， 10， 20 and 30 wt-% PA6 containing batches were fed through the main feeder to the twin screw extruder. The extrudate was water cooled and chopped into small pellets. The produced ABS/PA6 pellets were vacuum dried again at 80uC for 12 h. To prepare the SCF reinforced ABS/PA6 composites， the blend was introduced into the twin screw extruder from the main feeder， and SCFs were fed from the side feeder. The twin screw extruder was operated at the same processing conditions used during the blend preparation. The extrudate was again water cooled and chopped into small pellets. The extrusion grades of resin were used to make the extrudate form fully. The specimens for the mechanical characterisation experiments were moulded using a laboratory scale injection moulding machine (microinjector， model 1998; Daca Instruments) at a barrel temperature of 230uC and mould temperature of 80uC. The injection moulding machine used in this study was a laboratory type microinjector. The principle of the operation is that the preweighed (，2?5 g) raw material is loaded into the cylindrical barrel and allowed to melt at a preset barrel temperature for 1 min.Then the molten plastic is pushed through an injection tip by a piston. 展开

谁能翻译这段英文，化学专业方面的，很难: This work examines the behaviour of fluorine modified b-PbO2 electrodes in the processes of O2 and O3 evolution in sulphuric acid. The electrochemical kinetic analyses of these processes are based on quasi-steady-state polarisation and impe... This work examines the behaviour of fluorine modified b-PbO2 electrodes in the processes of O2 and O3 evolution in sulphuric acid. The electrochemical kinetic analyses of these processes are based on quasi-steady-state polarisation and impedance data. The good agreement between the two sets of measurements allows some basic conclusions to be drawn. In particular， the O2 evolution process is always inhibited at F-doped PbO2 electrodes， and impedance results suggest possible changes in the mechanism， with electrodesorption of intermediates becoming more important as the concentration of the doping element increases. The interpretation of the data for the less positive potentials region invokes the specific adsorption of SO4 as a factor influencing the kinetics of O2 evolution. The current efficiency for O3 formation as a function of the amount of NaF added to the PbO2 growth solution reaches a maximum for a concentration of 0.01 mol dm3. A plausible cause for the decrease on the higher concentration side is the discharge of adsorbed SO4 2 (or HSO4 ) eventually yielding persulphate. This reaction is known to be favoured in the presence of a relatively high amount of fluoride in the electrolyte. An analysis of the results of modified neglect of diatomic differential overlap (MNDO) calculations on Pb cluster models and of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data suggests that the coverage by weakly adsorbed oxygen species (OH and H2O) is an important parameter that is influenced by F-doping. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 展开

？？？？？谁能帮我翻译几个英文——激光雷达？？？？？: 关于激光雷达的论文 1、LO 2、header board 3、inductive beams

谁帮我翻译一下，谢谢: ···until TLC analysis indicated the absence of dipolarophile.

翻译翻译，请高手帮我翻译一下这个说明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展开

这段韩语怎么翻译:

请高手帮我翻译一下这一段。。。: Carbonnanomaterialsarenovelmanufacturedmaterials，havingwidespreadpotentialapplications.Adsorptionofhydrophobicorganiccompounds(HOCs)bycarbonnanomaterialsmayenhancetheirto... Carbon nanomaterials are novel manufactured materials， having widespread potential applications. Adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) by carbon nanomaterials may enhance their toxicity and affect the fate， transformation， and transport of HOCs in the environment. In this research， adsorption of naphthalene， phenanthrene， and pyrene onto six carbon nanomaterials， including fullerenes， single-walled carbon nanotubes ， and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated， which is the first systematic study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorption by various carbon nanomaterials. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted well by the Polanyi-Manes model (PMM). Through both isotherm modeling and constructing “characteristic curve”， Polanyi theory was useful to describe the adsorption process of PAHs by the carbon nanomaterials. The three fitted parameters (Q0， a， and b) of PMM depended on both PAH properties and the nature of carbon nanomaterials. For different PAHs， adsorption seems to relate with their molecular size， i.e.， the larger the molecular size， the lower the adsorbed volume capacity (Q0)， but higher a and b values. For different carbon nanomaterials， adsorption seems to relate with their surface area， micropore volume， and the volume ratios of mesopore to micropore. Quantitative relationships between these sorbent properties and the estimated parameters of PMM were obtained. These relationships may represent a first fundamental step toward establishing empirical equations for quantitative prediction of PAH adsorption by carbon nanomaterials and possibly other forms of carbonaceous (geo-) sorbents， and for evaluating their environmental impact. In addition， high adsorption capacity of PAHs by carbon nanotubes may add to their high environmental risks once released to the environment， and result in potential alteration of PAHs fate and bioavailability in the environment. 展开

能帮我翻译一下吗？谢谢: 能不能帮我翻译一下这几句话啊？（1）HeterOgeneous Green Catalyst for Oxidation of Cyclohexene and Cyclooctene with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Host(Nanocavity of Y—zeolite)／Guest(N4一Cu(II) Schif Base Complex)Nanocomposite... 能不能帮我翻译一下这几句话啊？（1）HeterOgeneous Green Catalyst for Oxidation of Cyclohexene and Cyclooctene with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Host(Nanocavity of Y—zeolite)／Guest(N4一Cu(II) Schif Base Complex)Nanocomposite Material （2）Department of Chemistry，Faculty of Science，Alzahra University Vanak，Tehran，P.O ．1993891176，Iran (3)Department of Chemistry，K．N Toosi University of Technology， Tehran P O．Box 16315-1618．Iran （4）Incorporation of copper(II)in NaY(metal exchanged Y-zeolite 谢谢啦！展开

大哥大姐谁帮我翻译一下: Since its advent in the early 1970s the logic analyser has become arguably the most important single piece of test equipment in the digital designer’s armoury. It is now a far more versatile instrument than its early predecessors， still ... Since its advent in the early 1970s the logic analyser has become arguably the most important single piece of test equipment in the digital designer’s armoury. It is now a far more versatile instrument than its early predecessors， still offering a complete solution to today’s ever more complex digital design and measurement challenges. As with most modern test equipment， the ongoing development of logic analysers has been fuelled by continual improvements in microprocessor technology， allowing cost-effective implementation of advanced measurement techniques. This continual development has been driven， to a great extent， by the need to be able to debug complex microprocessor-based or highspeed state machine designs. As the inclusion of microprocessor or VLSl components into circuit design becomes more and more routine， the instrument manufacturer must maintain the logic analyser as a user-friendly， relatively-low-cost solution to modern digital design and test problems. In addition， however， as these components increase in both complexity and performance， the instrument manufacturer must be able to support state-of-the-art measurement techniques， while still offering the digital design engineer the same depth of general-purpose circuit analysis.Clearly， as design complexity increases， an increasing volume of measurement data must be represented and manipulated in such a way that it can be quickly and easily interpreted by the engineer. The basic logic analyser provides a means of monitoring software execution， digital hardware operation and， more importantly to many， the interaction between the two. Being the only instrument that can comprehensively bridge this notional divide between hardware and software， the logic analyser is often given the role of arbitrator in the search for that elusive system bug. 展开

谁能帮我翻译下费希尔调节阀的名牌:

谁能帮我分析一下尿常规检查数据: 病情描述(发病时间、主要症状等)：白细胞 - 0Cell/uL 酮体 + - 0.5mmol/L 亚硝酸盐 - 尿胆原 +2 66umol/ 胆红素 +1 8.6umol/L 蛋白质 +1 0.3g/L 葡萄糖 - 0mmol/L 尿比重 1.020 PH 6.5 隐血 - 肌（酉千） ... 病情描述(发病时间、主要症状等)：白细胞 - 0Cell/uL 酮体 + - 0.5mmol/L 亚硝酸盐 - 尿胆原 +2 66umol/ 胆红素 +1 8.6umol/L 蛋白质 +1 0.3g/L 葡萄糖 - 0mmol/L 尿比重 1.020 PH 6.5 隐血 - 肌（酉千） >=26.4mmol/L 尿钙 2.5mmol/L 微白蛋白 >=100mg/L 展开

ph05660493031 谁能帮我查一下物流信息:

哪位高手能帮我翻译一下谢谢了: 3.3. Microbial mapping The intensity of resonance Raman spectra of Cyt c allows for integration times below one second. Microbial mapping of an area of 50×50 μm2 with a resolution of 500 nm/pixel (10，000 single spectra) can be perform... 3.3. Microbial mapping The intensity of resonance Raman spectra of Cyt c allows for integration times below one second. Microbial mapping of an area of 50×50 μm2 with a resolution of 500 nm/pixel (10，000 single spectra) can be performed in less than 3 h. A further reduction of the measuring duration by a factor of 10 can be achieved by utilisation of an EMCCD camera (Coates et al.， 2004). Microbial mapping was done on granules from two different sequencing batch reactors (SBR) (Gaul et al.， 2006). The SBRs are used to analyse control parameters for the anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Fig. 7 shows two different microbial colonies in the same granulum. A graphical analysis of the spectroscopic data at 750 cm-1 (dominant resonant Raman band of Cyt c) and 2900 cm-1 (CH stretching mode) differentiated the two colonies. One colony shows stronger Raman signals at 750 cm-1 (blue frame). Whereas the other microorganisms have more amount of methyl or methylene groups (yellow frame). After the graphical analysis above， an average spectrum was constructed for each colony. The resulting averaged spectra were transferred to our Raman database of wastewater bacteria created by OPUS. The software recognized the microorganisms Fig. 5. Time series of N. eutropha Nm 57 which is captured by optical tweezers. Time difference between spectra: 1 s; Laser power: 9 mW. The bleaching effect due to photo-dissociation caused by laser radiation is easy to see. Fig. 6. The spectral heterogeneity of hierarchical clusteringis strongly dependent to the integration time. Bacteria from the same strain are only groupedtogether if the exposure time was the same. 246 R. P?tzold et al. / Journal of Microbiological Methods 72 (2008) 241–248 in the left colony as anammox bacteria， those in the upper right corner as Nitrosomonas. 展开

谁帮我翻译一下这个日文说明书1:

仪器网（yiqi.com）欢迎您！

联系我们

关注我们