Fossil fuels have been the main source of energy in industrial applications and transportation for decades. However, depleting reserves, environmental concerns and economic issues have led to the development of renewable, cheaper and cleaner alternatives. Bio-ethanol is one of those alternatives and is derived by fermenting the sugar and starch components of plant byproducts. Different purities of bio-ethanol are used as fuel sources. Hydrated ethanol fuel has not had treatment to remove moisture and contains between 93-96% ethanol. It is often used in flexible (flex-fuel) or dual fuel engines. Anhydrous ethanol has been treated to remove moisture and has a purity of at least 99%. It is blended at up to 25% v/v with gasoline. High purity fuel can be contaminated with elemental impurities during production, stockpi领 and transportation, so accurate quantitation of metal content is important. According to ASTM D4806 specification [1] and the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels 2 (ANP) Resolution number 19/2015 [2], the presence of Cu, Fe, Na and S in ethanol must be controlled. Limit concentrations for Cu are 0.1 and 0.07 mg/kg (ASTM and ANP respectively), 5 mg/kg Fe (ANP), 2 mg/kg Na (ANP), and 30 mg/kg S (ASTM). In this study, the accuracy, precision and long term stability performance of the Agilent 5100 Synchronous Vertical Dual View (SVDV) ICP-OES was evaluated for the determination of Cu, Fe, Na and S in ethanol fuel samples according to ASTM D4806 and ANP Resolution 19/2015 methods. 安捷伦 5100 ICP-OES
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