生物化学翻译 -仪器网

生物化学翻译

恋灬旧丶2 2007-02-03 21:19:55 470 浏览

To show that HAX-1 degradation is part of the apoptotic process and any involvement Omi may have， we used the ucf-101 inhibitor. ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Omi and has been described previously (13). When... To show that HAX-1 degradation is part of the apoptotic process and any involvement Omi may have， we used the ucf-101 inhibitor. ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Omi and has been described previously (13). When HK-2 cells were treated with cisplatin in the presence of ucf-101， the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased and the inhibitor significantly blocked HAX-1 degradation. This effect was more pronounced when a higher concentration of the inhibitor was used. To confirm the specificity of the inhibitor in this system and exclude the possibility that another protease rather than Omi is involved in HAX-1 cleavage， we used cell lines derived from mnd2 mice (9). The parent cell line (mnd2-MSCV) derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts has no detectable Omi proteolytic activity (9). The same cell line has been transfected with wild type human Omi cDNA (mnd2-MSCV-Omi) and expresses high levels of active Omi protein (14). We found that in mnd2-MSCV cells， when induced to undergo apoptosis with various stimuli， the number of apoptotic cells was very low. Furthermore， no detectable cleavage of HAX-1 was observed. This is in contrast with the mnd2-MSCV-Omi cells where apoptosis was robust， and HAX-1 levels were inversely proportional to the degree of apoptosis. This experiment clearly shows that Omi is solely responsible for HAX-1 cleavage， which is essential for apoptosis under the conditions used in these experiments. HAX-1 subcellular localization depends on cell type (21， 30) and has been reported to be present in the mitochondria， cytoplasm， or plasma membrane (10， 21， 22， 30). We performed subcellular fractionation to investigate where HAX-1 cleavage by Omi takes place. We found that， in HEK293 cells， HAX-1 was predominantly present in the mitochondria， and this localization did not change in response to apoptotic stimuli. This suggests that Omi can initiate apoptosis in the mitochondria by cleaving HAX-1 protein. This is in accord with a recent study that shows Omi can induce apoptosis in human neutrophils treated with TNF- without being released from the mitochondria (7). Although several studies clearly define HAX-1 as an anti-apoptotic protein， the mechanism of its function is unknown. HAX-1 has sequence similarity to Bcl-2 family of proteins (10， 22). 展开

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go小飞454 2007-02-04 00:00:00

为了表明HAX-1 的降解是凋亡过程的一部分以及OMI可能的参与，我们用ucf-101YZ剂。ucf-101是此前报道过的(13)卵母细胞成熟YZ因子蛋白酶解活性的一种特异性YZ剂。当HK-2 细胞在ucf-101的存在下用顺铂处理时，凋亡细胞百分比下降，而且这种YZ剂明显阻止了HAX-1的降解。当YZ剂浓度加大时这种效应更加突出。为了证实这种YZ剂在本系统中的特异性，并排除其他蛋白酶而不是OMI 涉及HAX-1酶切的可能性，我们使用mnd2 小鼠衍生的细胞系(9)。小鼠胚胎成纤母细胞系(mnd2-MSCV)没有可检测的OMI 蛋白酶活性(9)。相同的细胞系被转染到野生型人类OMI的cDNA (mnd2-MSCV-卵母细胞成熟YZ因子) 中，表达了大量的活性OMI蛋白(14)。我们发现mnd2-MSCV细胞用各种刺激剂诱导凋亡时，凋亡细胞的数量非常低。进一步讲，没有观察到可检测的HAX-1酶切。这和细胞凋亡很旺盛的mnd2-MSCV-OMI细胞相反，并且HAX-1含量和细胞凋亡水平呈反比关系。该试验清楚地表明了卵母细胞成熟YZ因子单独决定HAX-1的酶切，在本实验使用的条件下对于细胞凋亡是必须的。HAX-1的亚细胞位置取决于细胞形状(21， 30)，并且已经有报道说可以存在于线粒体、细胞质或质膜 (10、21、22、30)中。我们对细胞亚组分进行了分离操作来研究OMI酶切HAX-1 蛋白的位点。我们发现HEK293 细胞中的HAX-1蛋白主要存在于线粒体，并且这个位点不随刺激剂反应的改变而变化。这暗示着卵母细胞成熟YZ因子靠酶切HAX-1 蛋白来启动线粒体中的细胞凋亡。这和Z近的研究是一致的，该研究表明卵母细胞成熟YZ因子能诱导用TNF处理的人类神经多肽的凋亡而不从线粒体中释放出来(7)。尽管几个研究清楚地把HAX-1界定为一种抗凋亡蛋白，它发挥功能的机理仍然未知。HAX-1 和Bcl-2蛋白家族有序列相似性 (10， 22)。

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生物化学翻译: To show that HAX-1 degradation is part of the apoptotic process and any involvement Omi may have， we used the ucf-101 inhibitor. ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Omi and has been described previously (13). When... To show that HAX-1 degradation is part of the apoptotic process and any involvement Omi may have， we used the ucf-101 inhibitor. ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Omi and has been described previously (13). When HK-2 cells were treated with cisplatin in the presence of ucf-101， the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased and the inhibitor significantly blocked HAX-1 degradation. This effect was more pronounced when a higher concentration of the inhibitor was used. To confirm the specificity of the inhibitor in this system and exclude the possibility that another protease rather than Omi is involved in HAX-1 cleavage， we used cell lines derived from mnd2 mice (9). The parent cell line (mnd2-MSCV) derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts has no detectable Omi proteolytic activity (9). The same cell line has been transfected with wild type human Omi cDNA (mnd2-MSCV-Omi) and expresses high levels of active Omi protein (14). We found that in mnd2-MSCV cells， when induced to undergo apoptosis with various stimuli， the number of apoptotic cells was very low. Furthermore， no detectable cleavage of HAX-1 was observed. This is in contrast with the mnd2-MSCV-Omi cells where apoptosis was robust， and HAX-1 levels were inversely proportional to the degree of apoptosis. This experiment clearly shows that Omi is solely responsible for HAX-1 cleavage， which is essential for apoptosis under the conditions used in these experiments. HAX-1 subcellular localization depends on cell type (21， 30) and has been reported to be present in the mitochondria， cytoplasm， or plasma membrane (10， 21， 22， 30). We performed subcellular fractionation to investigate where HAX-1 cleavage by Omi takes place. We found that， in HEK293 cells， HAX-1 was predominantly present in the mitochondria， and this localization did not change in response to apoptotic stimuli. This suggests that Omi can initiate apoptosis in the mitochondria by cleaving HAX-1 protein. This is in accord with a recent study that shows Omi can induce apoptosis in human neutrophils treated with TNF- without being released from the mitochondria (7). Although several studies clearly define HAX-1 as an anti-apoptotic protein， the mechanism of its function is unknown. HAX-1 has sequence similarity to Bcl-2 family of proteins (10， 22). 展开

生物化学考点: 农林类

生物化学判断正误题: 等摩尔的D-ALa和L-ALa混合液，不能引起偏振光平面的偏转()如果错误理由是什么... 等摩尔的D-ALa和 L-ALa混合液，不能引起偏振光平面的偏转() 如果错误理由是什么展开

生物化学中PL什么意思:

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生物化学简答和名词解释: 补考生物化学的的简答题和名词解释谁那里有比较全的请发下吧！马上就要考试了~~~~~~~ Z好连答案也有

亚基的生物化学：Biochemistry:

翻译翻译，请高手帮我翻译一下这个说明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展开

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生物化学题目，什么是酶？: 《大学生物化学》题目：什么是酶？你是如何理解的？（30分）我需要准确答案，请认真回答... 《大学生物化学》题目：什么是酶？你是如何理解的？（30分）我需要准确答案，请认真回答展开

生物化学做一下，谢谢了: 一、选择题1、构成辅酶A的维生素有A、生物素B、泛酸C、VB1D、VB22、酶促反应的特点是A、GX性B能触发化学反应的进行C、提高反应的活化能D、反应前后酶的质量不变3、具有生物活性的全... 一、选择题 1、构成辅酶A的维生素有 A、生物素 B、泛酸 C、VB1 D、VB2 2、酶促反应的特点是 A、GX性 B能触发化学反应的进行 C、提高反应的活化能 D、反应前后酶的质量不变 3、具有生物活性的全酶，无辅助因子时 A、有活性 B、无活性 C、无特异性 D、不易失活 4、米氏常数Km值 A、愈大，酶与底物亲和力越高 B、愈小，酶与底物亲和力越低 C、愈小，酶与底物亲和力越大 D、大小与酶的浓度有关 5、酶原激活过程中，通常使酶原分子中断裂 A、氢键 B、疏水键 C、离子键 D、肽键 6、酶促反应速度与下列因素成正比的是 A、温度 B、PH值 C、酶浓度 D、底物浓度 7、缺乏维生素C将导致 A、坏血病 B、夜盲症 C、贫血 D、瘌皮病 8、核苷酸合成时，需一碳基团，转移一碳基团的辅酶是 A、四氢叶酸 B、NAD C、TPP D、生物素 9、有关同工酶的描述，其中不正确 A、来源可以不同 B、理化性质相同 C、催化反应相同 D、分子量可以不同 10、酶的竞争性YZ特点是 A、YZ剂与酶的活性ZX结构相似 B、YZ作用的强弱与YZ剂浓度的大小无关 C、YZ剂浓度不受底物浓度的影响 D、YZ与酶作用的底物结构相似 11、缺乏后，会导致脚气病的维生素是 A、VB1 B、VB2 C、VC D、VPP 12、下列维生素中参与转氨基的作用的 A、硫胺素 B、尼克酸 C、核黄素 D、磷酸吡哆醛 13、酶催化作用对能量的影响在于 A、增加产物能量水平 B、降低活化能 C、降低反应物能量水平 D、降低反应在自由能 14、下面关于蛋白酶的叙述正确的是 A、所有酶都是蛋白质 B、所有的酶都含有辅基或辅酶 C、都只能在体内起催化作用 D、都有立体异构专一性 15、酶的活性ZX是指 A、酶分子上含有必需基团的肽段 B、酶分子与底物结合部位 C、酶分子与辅酶结合的部位 D、酶分子发挥催化作用的关键性结构区二、填空题 1．酶催化的机理是降低反应的，不改变反应的____________。 2．酶的特异性包括__________特异性，____________特异性与立体异构特异性。 3．酶活性ZX内的必需基团分为__________和__________。三、名词解释 1、米氏常数 2、同功酶 3、酶原 4、酶活性ZX 四、问答题 1、简述酶作为生物催化剂下一般化学催化剂的共性及个性。 2、简述酶的竞争性YZ作用的特点。展开

生物化学有哪三大代谢:

生物化学脂肪酸的β氧化名词解释:

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求助翻译: 问题一：请问“在GF254硅胶板上，取样点板，在254nm紫外光下观察结果”这句话该如何翻译？ZD是不知道“取样点板”怎么翻译问题二：麻烦高手帮忙翻译一下2Results2.1柱色谱分离结果The... 问题一：请问 “在GF254硅胶板上，取样点板，在254 nm紫外光下观察结果” 这句话该如何翻译？ ZD是不知道“取样点板”怎么翻译问题二：麻烦高手帮忙翻译一下 2 Results 2. 1 柱色谱分离结果 The results of separation by column chromatography 柱色谱分离过程中，氯仿∶甲醇95∶5和90∶10洗脱出来的流分经过反复的硅胶柱色谱分离纯化得到组分C3。 2. 2 薄层色谱检测结果 The results of Thin-layer chromatography. 组分C3在GF254硅胶板上展开后，可在254nm紫外灯下直观观测为单点，见图1。 2. 3 GX液相色谱分析和制备单体化合物对组分C3 进行GX液相制备，色谱图显示有4个色谱峰(见图2) ，分离效果较好，收集4个单峰组分，得到4个化合物1～4，对以上4个化合物进行GX液相分析，均为单峰，见图3～4。 3 化合物的结构鉴定通过制备液相收集得到4个化合物，对其中3个化合物进行结构鉴定: 化合物1，淡黄色晶体， UV λmax nm (logε) : 248 nm。E IMS，m / z 501. 3 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量为500。化合物1氢谱显示7个甲基信号;δ1. 02， 0. 93， 0. 78 ( each 3H， s) ， 0. 89 ( 3H， d， J =6. 4Hz) ， 1. 23， 1. 25 ( each 3H， d， J = 5. 2Hz) ， 1. 22(3H， s) ，一个连氧碳上的氢信号δ3. 23 (1H， dd， J= 10 Hz) ，符合三萜化合物的结构，可以证明化合物1为三萜类化合物。化合物2， UV λmax nm ( logε) : 250 nm。E IMS，m / z 515. 3 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量为514。化合物2的氢谱显示7个甲基信号δ0. 77， 0. 94， 1.01， 1. 22， 1. 23 (3H， s) ， 0. 82 (3H， d， 10. 2 Hz) ，一个连氧碳上的氢信号δ3. 22 ( 1H， dd， J = 10. 5Hz) ，一个甲氧基上的氢信号δ3. 66 (3H， s) ，符合三萜化合物的结构，可以证明化合物2为三萜化合物。化合物3， UV λmax nm ( logε) : 254 nm。EIMS，m / z 531. 2 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量为514。化合物2 的氢谱(见附录)显示7 个甲基信号δ0.78， 0. 82， 0. 87， 1. 03， 1. 24， 1. 31 ( 3H， s) ， 1. 17(3H， d， 6. 6 Hz) ，一个乙酰基上的氢信号2. 10(3H， s) ，一个甲氧基团的氢信号3. 68 (3H， s) ，符合三萜化合物的结构，可以证明化合物3为三萜化合物。化合物4结构较复杂，不能确定是三萜化合物。二楼的辛苦了，非常感谢你的回答。不过好像没有明白我的意思，而且有google之嫌。展开

帮忙翻译: AttachingtheSampleChuckYouwillneeda#2Phillipsscrewdriverforthisstep.FollowingthedetailsshowninFig.2-4，installthesamplechuckbyfirstaligningthepinsonthebottomofthesamplechu... Attaching the Sample Chuck You will need a #2 Phillips screwdriver for this step. Following the details shown in Fig. 2-4， install the sample chuck by first aligning the pins on the bottom of the sample chuck with the receptacles on the alpha- SE base. Then tighten the upper two captive thumb screws. Next， use the Phillips screwdriver to tighten the lower two captive screws. Don’t over tighten the screws! It will make it difficult to remove them in the future; just ensure that the screws are snug. Finally， connect the vacuum line from the sample chuck to the vacuum fitting on the alpha-SE base. Releasing the Z-stage Shipping Lock To access the Z-stage shipping lock， first loosen the captive screw on the lamp/shipping lock access door， then open the access door by rotating 180°， as shown in Fig. 2-5. To release the Z-stage shipping lock， stand in front of the ellipsometer and use your left hand to balance the weight of the Z-stage (you will feel it lift up slightly). It will be difficult to release the shipping lock if you apply too much or not enough upward force. Next， use your right hand to move the shipping lock to the operating position (to the right， see Fig. 2-6). If the lock is hard to move， you can use a tool to gain more leverage. The shipping lock will move about 1/3” [8mm] to the right. Checking the Lamp Check that the QTH lamp in fully seated in the lamp housing. The lamp is located behind the actuator screw (see Fig. 2-6) and has two white wires protruding from the back of the lamp. Simply push down on the lamp ensuring that the lamp is fully seated in the lamp housing. Rotate the lamp/shipping lock access door to the closed position and hand tighten the captive screw. 拒绝翻译软件，翻译软件我自己也会用不是用翻译软件我就看不懂，只是，上来找人翻译就是希望翻译出比较容易看懂，不需要自己对照就可以看的说明书，如果用翻译软件，根本就词不达意，还是要自己对着原文件核实既然用了那么多积分，就希望有相当的成果，如果用翻译软件混积分，那就是人品问题了还有，某些人不要不懂乱说混积分展开

机械翻译!!: 13.本系列仪器采用电流、电压双组取样并经单片处理后显示，其读数直观、准确。由于仪器采用了负载四线制取样，从面消除了负载导线电阻对电显示的影响。电路的电压限幅，使得实验更加安全，可靠。 16.采用古埃法（gu-ai method）研究分子结构，测量顺磁和逆... 13.本系列仪器采用电流、电压双组取样并经单片处理后显示，其读数直观、准确。由于仪器采用了负载四线制取样，从面消除了负载导线电阻对电显示的影响。电路的电压限幅，使得实验更加安全，可靠。 16.采用古埃法（gu-ai method）研究分子结构，测量顺磁和逆磁磁化率。主要结构有：电磁铁和恒流电源、数字式高斯计（霍尔效应）、安培计和伏特计、配有照明系统的控制盘。系统采用了PID电子调节，全数字电源（0~10A无级调节），无需水冷却，使得仪器动矿层运行更加稳定可靠，防止因操作不当而造成仪器损坏。 34. 本仪器由光学系统和信号处理系统两部分组成，它根据光拍频原理设计，通过光电转换检测，在普通示波器上同时观察和比较两束光的波形和相位，测量光程差和位相差，求得光速。采用新的分频、触发措施，能在示波器上观察到精确、清晰的波形。 35.本装置用霍尔效应的原理测量螺线管轴向磁场强度分布。能判断半导体载流子的符号，移开螺线管，可做共轭线圈实验。此装置由测定仪和专用电源两部分组成，实验仪上装有螺线管、霍尔元件、二维移动标尺及IM，IH，VH转换开关。专用电源提供霍尔元件工作电流IH，螺线管励磁电流IM以及对霍尔电压VH的测量。电流和电压的测量均采用3 1/2位数显表，测量精度高。翻出来后我再给分!一定会追加分!Z少50分!! 展开

求翻译。。。。。。。。。。。: During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposi... During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposition [19]， chemical vapor deposition [20]， laser vaporization-condensation [21]， charge transferring [22]， an organic reagent-assisted method [23]， solution-liquid-solid method [24] and catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth [25]. With these routes， various nanoscale or microscale aggregates can demonstrate novel architectures， including tree-like， web-like， spherical， nanowire-like， network and fishbone-like aggregates. As a well-known method for producing the nanocapsules， however， arc-discharge has been rarely used to synthesize the aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules prepared simultaneously in arc-discharge. Nevertheless， it is possible that the arc-discharge can be developed into a new way to synthesize the aggregates. In the present work， we utilized arc-discharge technique with modified strategies， involving changing the hydrogen pressure， introducing gadolinium - aluminum alloy ingot as the anode and adjusting the elements percent of the anode according to their evaporation pressure， to synthesize a new type of nanocapsules， with intermetallic compound GdAl2 as core and amorphous Al2O3 as shell， which enlarge the family of the magnetic nanocapsules. At the same time， the regularly aligned three-dimensional macro-aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules without any template and catalyst were simultaneously synthesized in arc-discharge process. 展开

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