急求帮我翻译一段电力专业英语文章啊！！

HEARTBEATnever 2013-06-11 09:00:02 456 浏览

What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-che... What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-chemicalprocess that is inherent to the battery. Applying a voltage differential on thepositive and negative plates charges the supercapacitor. This concept issimilar to an electrical charge that builds up when walking on a carpet. Thesupercapacitor concept has been around for a number of years. Newer designsallow higher capacities in a smaller size. Whereas a regular capacitor consists ofconductive foils and a dry separator， the supercapacitor crosses into batterytechnology by using special electrodes and some electrolyte. There are threetypes of electrode materials suitable for the supercapacitor. They are: highsurface area activated carbons， metal oxide and conducting polymers. The highsurface electrode material， also called Double Layer Capacitor (DLC)， is leastcostly to manufacture and is the most common. It stores the energy in thedouble layer formed near the carbon electrode surface. 展开

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937822514 2013-06-12 00:00:00

超级电容器的作用是什么?就像一个普通的超级电容器capacitorwith例外，它提供了非常高的电容在一个小包装。能源存储是通过静态电荷而不是一个电化学过程固有的电池。施加一个电压微分在积极和消极的盘子的超级电容器的指控。这个概念与积聚电荷，当走在地毯上。Thesupercapacitor概念已经存在多年了。新designsallow更高的能力在一个较小的尺寸。而一个普通的电容包括ofconductive箔和干燥器，超级电容器采用特殊batterytechnology穿越到电极和一些电解质。有threetypes电极材料适合超级电容器。他们是:highsurface区激活碳、金属氧化物和导电聚合物。这个highsurface电极材料，也称为双层电容器(DLC)，是leastcostly制造和是Z常见的。它存储的能量thedouble层碳电极表面附近形成

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phng30 2013-06-12 00:00:00

超级电容器的作用是什么？超级电容器类似常规电容器，不同的是它在小体积内提供了非常高的电容。能量由静电存储，而不是利用电池固有的电子-化学过程。正负极施加的电压差给超级电容充能。这个概念类似于通过干扰仪（？）的时候电充能。超级电容的概念已经提出多年。Z近的设计在更小的尺寸实现了更高的电容。

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jing1jing26 2013-06-12 00:00:00

超级电容器的作用是什么？超级电容器类似常规电容器，它的特长就是体积小，电容量异常高。能量由静电荷存储，它不是利用传统电池的电化学过程。而是向正负极施加的电压差给超级电容充电。这个概念类似于从地毯上走过时电荷积聚的过程。超级电容的概念已问世若干年。 Z新设计体积更小，电容量更高。常规电容包括导电箔和干燥分离器，而超级电容借鉴了电池技术，使用了特殊的电极材料和某些电解质。有三种类型的材料适合作为超级电容器的电极材料。他们是：较高表面积的活性炭，金属氧化物和导电聚合物。高表面积的电极材料，也被称为双层电容器（DLC），它普通常见，成本低廉。它在碳电极表面附近所形成的双层中存储能量。

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急求帮我翻译一段电力专业英语文章啊！！: What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-che... What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-chemicalprocess that is inherent to the battery. Applying a voltage differential on thepositive and negative plates charges the supercapacitor. This concept issimilar to an electrical charge that builds up when walking on a carpet. Thesupercapacitor concept has been around for a number of years. Newer designsallow higher capacities in a smaller size. Whereas a regular capacitor consists ofconductive foils and a dry separator， the supercapacitor crosses into batterytechnology by using special electrodes and some electrolyte. There are threetypes of electrode materials suitable for the supercapacitor. They are: highsurface area activated carbons， metal oxide and conducting polymers. The highsurface electrode material， also called Double Layer Capacitor (DLC)， is leastcostly to manufacture and is the most common. It stores the energy in thedouble layer formed near the carbon electrode surface. 展开

麻烦帮我翻译以下文章(生物专业英语): The most common means of agitation of liquid media is by placing the culture vessels on a drum(for test tubes)or a disk(for flasks)slowly rotating around a near horizontal axis. This assures good aeration of the liquid cultures with little... The most common means of agitation of liquid media is by placing the culture vessels on a drum(for test tubes)or a disk(for flasks)slowly rotating around a near horizontal axis. This assures good aeration of the liquid cultures with little mechanical damage to the cells.Agitation can also be achieved by placing culture flasks on reciprocating or gyrotory platform shakers.Gyrotoy (horizontal rotary orbit)shakers are preferred over reciprocating (horizontal linear motion)ones for a variety of reasons .The performance of the gyrotory shaker is determined by the speed of agitation and angle position of the flasks，with optimal aeration occurring in flasks tilted about 45° from the vertical.A new shaker design is the "tapping" motion shaker in which the culture is agitated by a magnetic bar moving up and down.This vertical movement of the bar is less injurious to cells than rotary movement of the bar at the bottom of the flask used in some conventional culture systems. 展开

请帮我翻译一段专业英语吧。。急用。。多谢。。。: Practical applications of colossal magnetoresistive(CMR) oxides are limited by the large magnetic fields and/or low temperature required to observe a significant change in electric resistivity[1-5]. In recent years，research on tunneling mag... Practical applications of colossal magnetoresistive(CMR) oxides are limited by the large magnetic fields and/or low temperature required to observe a significant change in electric resistivity[1-5]. In recent years，research on tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR) is a very active field because of its scientific interest and potential technological applications[6].Polycrystalline Sr2FeMoO6 perovskite is a candidate for magnetic sensors owing to its high ferromagnetic transition temperature …（Tc~420K）and the half-metallic electronic band structure predicted theoretically [7]. The conduction electrons in this compound are expected to be highly spin-polarized even at room temperature. More recently， perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 with nanometer grain size showed large magnetoresistance(~20%) at a low magnetic field of 4k Oe and at room temperature[8].Dai et al.[9]observed two different ordered structures in polycrystalline Sr2FeMoO6 perovskite: the double perovskite and the superstructure with tripled c-axis(ST).In this paper， another new layered structure of body-centered tetragonal phase (BT) is reported for the polycrystalline magnetoresistive Sr2FeMoO6 sample. Ceramic samples of Sr2FeMoO6 were prepared by standard solid state reaction. Stoichiometric materials of SrCO3，Fe2O3 and MoO3 were mechanically mixed， and then calcined at 950℃ for 4h in air.The calcined mixture was then ball-milled and made into pellets followed by sintering at 1250℃for 4h in carbon monoxide atmosphere.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) specimens were prepared by mechanical polishing，dimpling and ion milling.Electron diffraction patterns were taken at 120kV using a Phillips CM12 electron microscope， and high resolution TEM imaging was conducted using JEOL 2010 microscope. Energy dispersion of X-rays(EDX) was conducted by TEM attached with EDAX PV9100. 展开

化工专业英语求翻译: Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications， which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1，2] Because of their hollow core structure， such poly... Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications， which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1，2] Because of their hollow core structure， such polymeric spheres can encapsulate large quantities of guest moleculesÐ especially those spheres with functionalities within the empty coreÐand release them at a later stage in a controlled man- ner. Although hollow polymeric spheres with dimensions in the micrometer and submicrometer regions are readily con- structedÐby layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes onto a template core，[3±6] polymerizing monomers in lipid vesi- cles，[7，8] emulsion polymerization，[9，10] pH-induced micelliza- tion of a grafted copolymer，[11] and by the assembly of posi- tively charged polyelectrolytes and negatively charged nanoparticles[12]Ðthe synthesis of hollow spheres 100 nm or less in size has only recently become the subject of research activity. Several different routes， such as the self-assembly of block copolymers in a selective solvent，[13，14] the deposition of polyelectrolytes on a decomplexable or soluble core，[15，16] and microemulsion (as well as miniemulsion) polymerization，[17，18] have been developed to form hollow polymeric nanospheres. Although some of these methods have been quite successful， these strategies require the core templates to be removed in order to create a hollow interior， or need large quantities of surfactants to form nanosized micelles. Furthermore， although the majority of the proposed applications of hollow nano- spheres or nanocapsules are concentrated in the biomedical field， most of the hollow polymeric spheres described to date are ill-suited for such purposes. Therefore， materials (in par- ticular for the surfaces of the hollow nanospheres) that are biocompatible， non-toxic， and sometimes also biodegradable， are highly desirable. Herein， we demonstrate a simple and di- rect method for fabricating hollow polymeric nanospheres with biocompatible and biodegradable macromolecules. In this approach， hollow polymeric nanospheres were formed in a completely aqueous system without the aid of surfactants，展开

救命啊，哪位大侠帮我翻译一段东东。。: 安全小知识创建和谐实验室实验室，是我们科研探索的开始。了解关于实验室的安全知识，有利于增强我们的安全意识和安全责任感。一些良好的小习惯就能够让实验室安全、稳定与和谐。在进... 安全小知识创建和谐实验室实验室，是我们科研探索的开始。了解关于实验室的安全知识，有利于增强我们的安全意识和安全责任感。一些良好的小习惯就能够让实验室安全、稳定与和谐。在进实验室前，我们应该根据具体情况考虑需要注意的事项。采用新方案、新流程前，要进行可行性分析和安全评估并经领导批准后方可进行。进入实验室，首先需要了解实验室的布置、实验的类型、仪器和药品的信息，预测在实验工作中可能出现的突发状况及危险并做好相应的准备，然后还应知道紧急出口、灭火器和消防栓、紧急冲淋和洗眼器的位置，有利于在突发事件发生后diyi时间作出反应。开始实验工作后，接触化学品的同事，要注意进行安全防护。入室应穿实验服。同时注意局部防护，必要时佩戴防护手套、防护面罩等个人防护用具。在实验室里不仅要做先进工作者，更要保养自己，不要因此影响了生活质量。做个实验室“管家”。药品要分类存放，模糊或脱落的药品标签要及时更新，废液要分类收集、记录，预约外送，废液不应超过废液桶容积的90%。破碎的玻璃器皿应放于不易划破的容器内收集并送废液回收站。废液、实验废弃物、药品空瓶不要随意丢弃。“新、老管家”应做好交接工作，及时、妥善地处理废弃的药品、实验样品等，保证实验室整洁有序。实验室不是“家”。不要在实验室内吃东西、喝水、嚼口香糖；不要在实验室内的冰箱、冰柜、烘箱内存放食物；不喝实验用水龙头流出的水；不要用实验器皿盛装食物；进行实验时人不要离开现场。实验室属于小型公共场所，大家的安全责任感和良好的实验习惯将造就整洁、有序、安全与和谐的实验环境。人无远虑，必有近忧。我们实验室更应时刻居安思危。我的演讲就到这里，谢谢大家！语法要通顺。。我刚在网页上直接翻译的，跟汉语一样。。。。被领导一顿狠批。拜谢！！！！！还有1000多分，都给你也行啊。。展开

求求大哥大姐帮帮忙帮小弟翻译一下石油专业英语文章急急急！: An Ensemble Level Upscaling Approach for Efficient Estimation of Fine-Scale Production Statistics Using Coarse-Scale Simulations Yuguang Chen， SPE， Chevron Energy Technology Co.， and Louis J. Durlofsky， SPE， Stanford U. Copyright 2007， S... An Ensemble Level Upscaling Approach for Efficient Estimation of Fine-Scale Production Statistics Using Coarse-Scale Simulations Yuguang Chen， SPE， Chevron Energy Technology Co.， and Louis J. Durlofsky， SPE， Stanford U. Copyright 2007， Society of Petroleum Engineers This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2007 SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium held in Houston， Texas， U.S.A.， 26–28 February 2007. This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper， as presented， have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material， as presented， does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers， its officers， or members. Papers presented at SPE meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Electronic reproduction， distribution， or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper was presented. Write Librarian， SPE， P.O 展开

急求翻译下面这段测绘工程方面的文章: REAL-TIME KINEMATIC GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is Trimble Navigation's Site Surveyor System available as a standard option upgrade to Trimble's 4000 series SE and SSE receivers. The Medicine Bow National Forest uses 4000 SSE and SE rece... REAL-TIME KINEMATIC GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is Trimble Navigation's Site Surveyor System available as a standard option upgrade to Trimble's 4000 series SE and SSE receivers. The Medicine Bow National Forest uses 4000 SSE and SE receivers in it's Boundary Management program. The use of RTK enables a surveyor to determine a corner's position， establish a corner without having to make traditional corner moves or to mark and post line as quickly as the surveyor could walk， all without having to post-process the data. The surveyor using RTK can perform corner search within a meter or a couple of centimeters of the true location without the need to traverse down the line. For some survey applications traditional kinematic GPS field procedures are preferred， since many points can be observed in a short period of time with occupation times of a minute or less. However until now， kinematic surveying required post-processing before the results were available. This made field stakeout of corner positions， corner search， line marking and posting， and evaluation of coordinate accuracy in the field impossible to do using kinematic techniques (Curry et al 1993). Now， the use of RTK technology makes these impossible traditional kinematic tasks possible. What is RTK? RTK is currently carrier phase observations processed (corrected) in real-time resulting in position coordinates to a 1-2 centimeter accuracy level being available to the surveyor in the field. In other words， what the surveyor sees is what he gets. RTK， consists of two or more GPS receivers， three or more radio-modems， a "fixed-plate initializer" ， and a handheld survey data collector/computer (TDC1). In RTK， one receiver occupies a known reference station and broadcasts a correction message (Compact Measurement Record or CMR2) to one or more roving receivers. The roving receivers process the information to solve the WGS-84 vectors by solving the integers in real-time within the receiver to produce an accurate position relative to the reference station. Precision of RTK is +/-2 cm + 2 ppm， with 1 ppm equating to 1 mm per 1 km (Trimble Navigation， 1993). The TDC1 is used to graphically display the processed results of the surveyors current position on the ground at that moment. The TDC1 has the capability for the surveyor to navigate within a couple of centimeters to a known or unknown coordinate position using Local， State Plane or Geographic coordinates. In real-time positions may be logged in the field， inverses performed， attributes (features) recorded， azimuths and distances between points calculated， and corners located. RTK， as with traditional kinematic GPS procedures， currently requires continuous satellite lock to be maintained. This restriction allows for RTK to be most effective in a non-canopied， no obstructions environment. 展开

急求翻译: 我认为一个人应当将自己的优点发挥到极限，这不仅有助于挖掘其自身的Z大价值，而且能够Z大限度地实现其自身的社会价值。我Z大的优点在于经过将近6年在武汉大学的测绘遥感专业的刻苦学习，我打下了一个非常扎实的专业基础。同时，我的思维敏捷，对于地球空... 我认为一个人应当将自己的优点发挥到极限，这不仅有助于挖掘其自身的Z大价值，而且能够Z大限度地实现其自身的社会价值。我Z大的优点在于经过将近6年在武汉大学的测绘遥感专业的刻苦学习，我打下了一个非常扎实的专业基础。同时，我的思维敏捷，对于地球空间信息科研成果与产业化之间的关联，有很灵敏的感触和浓厚的兴趣，富有开创性思维，并有多项目的实践经验。我的缺点是没有一个自己的duchuang的核心理论或者技术，然后我认为这对于我来说也是一个机会。明年的7月份将要取得我的硕士学位，这段时间里我的主要任务是做好毕业设计。我打算毕业后花四年时间在加拿大滑铁卢大学环境学院完成我的博士位，目前我已经收到来滑铁卢大学研究生院的入学邀请。我之所以申请这个博士生项目的原因如下：（1）在我的硕士阶段，我参与了实验室的“5.12地震遥感信息收集与灾情评估项目组”，主要负责搜集加拿大与美国利用雷达影像在防灾减灾中的成功应用。在我这段时间的研究中我发现LiDAR技术是集激光、定位系统(GPS)和惯性导航系统(INS)三种技术与一身的空间测量新技术，其在遥感、测绘、环境监测、防灾减灾中等领域具有广阔的发展前景和应用需求。而加拿大正是以环境管理和激光雷达技术于世，这些都是ZG当前中长期发展急需发展的交叉学科和技术。我在滑铁卢的研究将是“land-based mobile LIDAR data processing and the application for Emergency Response”，相信四年之后，我学成回国，必将能够大显身手、回报祖国。（2）ZG测绘遥感领域在科学研究上已经取得了辉煌的成就，但是在技术产业化以及本行业项目管理上，则远远落后与欧美国家，很多技术的Z高成就是论文而不是产品或者服务。学习与实习并重的合作教育(co-operative education)也是滑铁卢大学同其办学的一大特色，学生在课程进行期间将在相关机构工作以作实习，它目前进行的合作教育计划是Z大。在滑铁卢的学习，我将充分利用合作教育的机会，申请到加拿大空间信息领域的公司实习，学习他们的项目管理经验以及如何将技术转化为应用。回国后，结合ZG的国情，致力于将测绘遥感技术直接GX地应用于服务社会。另外，我得知滑铁卢大学的孔子学院已于去年揭幕。通过我在滑铁卢大学的朋友我也了解到滑铁卢大学的孔子学院目前也十分缺乏中文老师。我已经跟那边的孔子学院的系主任取得联系，他们对我的汉语写作和表达能力十分满意并且欢迎我到他们学院志愿为为学生补习汉语。尽管我的能力有限，但是我会尽力用我的真诚和热情去帮助他们了解和欣赏美丽的ZG语言和文化，一点一点地去用行动实践我的诺言——让自己将来做一个关心社会，对社会的发展有贡献的人。展开

急求英文高手翻译一段摘要有关夹具设计的: Abstract In this paper， the general situation of research on agile fixture design is summarized and the achievements and deficiencies in the field of case-based fixture design are pointed out. There are no correlative case bases and match... Abstract In this paper， the general situation of research on agile fixture design is summarized and the achievements and deficiencies in the field of case-based fixture design are pointed out. There are no correlative case bases and matching mechanisms during the period from establishing the fixture planning to designing the fixture in currently used case-based fixture design systems. Thus a great amount of experience of fixture design is wasted and cannot be re-used， which reduces design efficiency and violates the original intention of case-based reasoning methods. In order to realize agility of fixture design， including re-configurability， re-scalability and re-usability， in this paper， a re-configurable agile fixture element base and an element assembly relation base are established. Using these two bases， the fixture structure is function-based decomposed， which makes it easy for an agile fixture to be re-configured and modified. Furthermore， a whole case-based agile fixture design model is presented， in which three modules are introduced， including the evaluation of the similarity of fixture planning， conflict arbitration and the modification of an agile fixture case. The three modules can be used to solve a problem where experience and design results cannot be re-used in the process of fixture design. Against the agile fixture design model， the evaluation method is put forward to evaluate the similarity in various phases. However， a similar case in the base could not generally meet the actual requirement and resolve the conflict between the similar case and the actual condition. Thus three methods， including a local restriction-relaxed method， a function-based conflict arbitration method and a case-based conflict arbitration method， are presented to clear up the conflict and could be used to modify the case to obtain an approach to a design result. Finally， an agile fixture design example is presented. The result demonstrates that the case-based agile fixture design approach can improve re-usability and design efficiency. Keywords: Agile fixture design; Case-based reasoning; Modeling 展开

急求英语达人帮忙翻译段文章，在线等谢谢: The incorporation of silicon from the quartz-made growth chamber， characteristic of NIRIM-type reactor is insignificant in our samples， if any. The peak at 1.681 eV from the Si–V defect is totally absent from our films (not shown here)， wh... The incorporation of silicon from the quartz-made growth chamber， characteristic of NIRIM-type reactor is insignificant in our samples， if any. The peak at 1.681 eV from the Si–V defect is totally absent from our films (not shown here)， which supports the good quality of these films. The improvement of the crystalline quality of {111} films is explained by the weak ion bombardment of the sample during its growth outside the plasma ball. Raman measurements (not shown in this work) have also confirmed the high crystalline quality of our films， in particular in the low doping range. Very high boron concentrations (up to 5×1021 cm−3) have been reached at this growth position， outside the plasma ball. 展开

【生物专业英语】摘要翻译: Abstract:Heavymetals，suchascadmium，copper，lead，chromiumandmercury，areimportantenvironmentalpollutants，particularlyinareaswithhighanthropogenicpressure.Theirpresenceinthea... Abstract: Heavy metals， such as cadmium， copper， lead， chromium and mercury， are important environmental pollutants， particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere， soil and water， even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms， and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals enter the human body mainly through two routes namely: inhalation and ingestion， ingestion being the main route of exposure to these elements in human population. Heavy metals intake by human populations through food chain has been reported in many countries. Soil threshold for heavy metal toxicity is an important factor affecting soil environmental capacity of heavy metal and determines heavy metal cumulative loading limits. For soil-plant system， heavy metal toxicity threshold is the highest permissible content in the soil (total or bioavailable concentration) that does not pose any phytotoxic effects or heavy metals in the edible parts of the crops does not exceed food hygiene standards. Factors affecting the thresholds of dietary toxicity of heavy metal in soil-crop system include: soil type which includes soil pH， organic matter content， clay mineral and other soil chemical and biochemical properties; and crop species or cultivars regulated by genetic basis for heavy metal transport and accumulation in plants. In addition， the interactions of soil-plant root-microbes play important roles in regulating heavy metal movement from soil to the edible parts of crops. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer and water managements as well as crop rotation system can affect bioavailability and crop accumulation of heavy metals， thus influencing the thresholds for assessing dietary toxicity of heavy metals in the food chain. This paper reviews the phytotoxic effects and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vegetables and food crops and assesses soil heavy metal thresholds for potential dietary toxicity. 用翻译软件的免回，哥也有，真诚求助高手！展开

急求翻译毕业论文: 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢... 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢展开

求翻译关于光催化剂的科研文章: 求对下段文字的英语翻译：本研究主要采用改良的溶胶凝-胶法制备纳米级的二氧化钛光催化剂，有别于一般制备二氧化钛的溶胶凝胶过程，实验利用冰醋酸和正丁醇发生酯化反应产生的水与钛酸丁酯进行水解反应。另外冰乙酸具有螯合物的功能，可以降低金属醇盐的高... 求对下段文字的英语翻译：本研究主要采用改良的溶胶凝-胶法制备纳米级的二氧化钛光催化剂，有别于一般制备二氧化钛的溶胶凝胶过程，实验利用冰醋酸和正丁醇发生酯化反应产生的水与钛酸丁酯进行水解反应。另外冰乙酸具有螯合物的功能，可以降低金属醇盐的高水解速度，避免快速沉淀的产生而制备出均相二氧化钛溶胶。溶胶经干燥、煅烧得纳米二氧化钛粉体。同时通过负载金属元素Fe和非金属元素N对二氧化钛催化剂表面进行改性，提高其催化活性，并对其催化活性进行XRD、TG/DTG/DSC、BET等各项表征，选出催化效果较佳的光催化材料进行CO2光催化还原反应，把CO2转化为有用的有机物甲醇，并从理论上探索CO2光催化反应机理。展开

关于苏州市地表水水质指标的文章，谁有啊???急求!!!!:

急！！！谁能帮我翻译一下？万分感谢！: Definitions: APQP ASDE BOM EPR ESWP Advanced Product Quality Planning Advanced Supplier Development Engineer Bill of Material Early Program Review Early Sourcing Work Plan. A report including Commodity Classification (Metals，... Definitions: APQP ASDE BOM EPR ESWP Advanced Product Quality Planning Advanced Supplier Development Engineer Bill of Material Early Program Review Early Sourcing Work Plan. A report including Commodity Classification (Metals， Non- Metals， Electrical/electronics)， source-required dates， cost targets， and production tooling kick-off required dates for all purchased components. The document representing the European ESWP is On Track， the NA is PPTM. Procedure # VP-014 LRR On Track PPAP PPTM PSW RPC SDE SOP SPE VPDS vTPS Procedure: Launch Readiness Review European version of the Early Sourcing Work Plan (ESWP) Production Part Approval Process Purchased Parts Tracking Matrix (ESWP/PPTM): The North American version of the ESWP. The ESWP/PPTM is an Access Database maintained by NA Program Purchasing (vTPS) to capture all Forward Model Purchase Component information. Part Submission Warrant Regional Program Coordinator is a function within SPE in Europe and South America. Supplier Development Engineer Start Of Production (sometimes referred to as Job 1) Supplier Performance Engineer (combined ASD and SD Engineer) Visteon Product Development System ， PD/Program Management Gateway process used to manage the successful launch of new model programs. The North American data storage system which holds all PPTM/ESWP data. vTPS is an Access Database Responsibility: Process Map/Flowchart (1) Lead: RPC/SPE (EU & SA) (1) Lead – ASDE (NA & Asia) Conduct High Impact Assessment assign ASD / SP engineer on formal W/support from: Program sourcing and / or change of BOM. Buyer PD Engineer Program Manager – All Regions (2) Notes/Deliverables (1) Inputs:  ESWP or local equivalent from VP-040 Project Supply Management Outputs:  High Impact Assessment Form (VF-014a or local equivalent) Notes:  Conduct High Impact Assessment and record results per local work instructions (2) Lead: RPC/SPE (EU & SA) Lead – ASDE (NA & Asia) W/support from: Program Buyer - All Regions， Buyer - All Regions (3) Lead: Program Buyer (NA & EU & Asia) Lead: RPC/SPE (SA) (4) No No (2) Is the part High Impact? (3) Can Supplier achieve PSW Timing? Yes Go to Step # 5. Yes Go to Step # 8. (3) Notes:  Record PPAP status on local tracking system. (4) Hard Copies of This Document are Uncontrolled Page 2 of 4 (4) Acceptable risk to Yes 展开

急求纳米的相关文章: 剖析一种材料处于纳米尺度时的新特性，试讨论其原因(尺寸效应)、可能的应用领域、具体应用方案。

我有一段英文，看不明白，求翻译: Thetubewillbesupportedbypillarswhichconstrainthetubeintheverticaldirectionbutallowlongitudinalslipforthermalexpansionaswellasdampenedlateralsliptoreducetheriskposedbyeart... The tube will be supported by pillars which constrain the tube in the vertical direction but allow longitudinal slip for thermal expansion as well as dampened lateral slip to reduce the risk posed by earthquakes. In addition， the pillar to tube connection nominal position will be adjustable vertically and laterally to ensure proper alignment despite possible ground settling. These minimally constrained pillars to tube joints will also allow a smoother ride. Specially designed slip joints at each stations will be able take any tube length variance due to thermal expansion. This is an ideal location for the thermal expansion joints as the speed is much lower nearby the stations. It thus allows the tube to be smooth and welded along the high speed gliding middle section. The spacing of the Hyperloop pillars retaining the tube is critical to achieve the design objective of the tube structure. The average spacing is 100 ft (30 m)， which means there will be near 25，000 pillars supporting both tubes and solar panels. The pillars will be 20 ft (6 m) tall whenever possible but may vary in height in hilly areas or where obstacles are in the way. Also， in some key areas， the spacing will have to vary in order to pass over roads or other obstacles. Small spacing between each support reduces the deflection of the tube keeping the capsule steadier and the journey more enjoyable. In addition， reduced spacing has increased resistance to seismic loading as well as the lateral acceleration of the capsule. 有些桥墩与管道之间的细节问题希望能仔细处理清楚，十分感谢！！追加15分！能手动翻译一下吗？！展开

谁能帮我翻译下这片文章？翻译的好的在追加100分！！！: Experimental Method All experiments were carried out in a high-pressure CO2 apparatus (Speed-SFE from Applied Separations) (see Figure 1) with a 300-mL extractor designed for a maximum pressure of 690 bar and a maximum temperature of 2... Experimental Method All experiments were carried out in a high-pressure CO2 apparatus (Speed-SFE from Applied Separations) (see Figure 1) with a 300-mL extractor designed for a maximum pressure of 690 bar and a maximum temperature of 250 °C. The volume of the extractor had to be reduced to 50 mL by a metallic cylinder， which tightens to the extractor wall， because as preliminary tests showed the equilibrium cell has to be completely filled with material. Otherwise， diffusion is the limiting factor and time for reaching equilibrium was too long. The extraction vessel was filled with compressed CO2 by an air-driven pump at closed outlet valves and under static conditions， which means desired pressure and temperature; the cell was incubated for 15 h， maintaining these conditions to reach equilibrium. In preliminary experiments the equilibrium time of 15 h was determined to reach equilibrium. CO2 Sampling. At equilibrium a CO2 phase sample is taken by opening the outlet valve and expanding a certain amount of CO2-substance mixture into a cooling trap filled with toluene， which has the highest solubility for the measured substances under atmospheric conditions. The pure gaseous CO2 passes a rotameter， showing the actual flow rate， and a gas flowmeter for determining the expanded CO2 amount. The content of the cooling trap was filled up with toluene to 30 mL and analyzed by a gas chromatographic method using an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). With the mass of expanded CO2 and composition of the cooling trap solubility at a certain pressure and temperature was calculated. Sampling was repeated four times at a given pressure and temperature and the standard deviation was lower than 5%. Gas Chromatographic Method. The tolueneflame retardant mixture of CO2 sampling was analyzed in a gas chromatograph (HP 5890 Serie II) with an ECD using a capillary column (type HP-1， 12 m 0.2 mm 0.2 ím). The injector temperature was held constant at 290 °C and the detector temperature at 300 °C. The oven temperature was held constant at 290 °C. Calibration with different amounts of HBCD and TBBA in toluene has been done before determining the linear range of calibration line and retention time of substances 展开

帮忙翻译一段英语: Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxy... Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2，4-D). To regenerate plants from the culture， callus tissue was transferred to the same medium devoid of 2，4-D (embryogenic medium). All experiments were performed with cultures grown in liquid medium. For convenience， cultures grown in 2，4-D-containing medium are referred to as "callus cultures"， and those grown in medium without 2，4-D as "embryo cultures." The growth of callus cultures was measured by the sidearmturbidity method (7). The number of cells at any time point of growth was estimated from turbidity in a Klett-Summerson calorimeter and was expressed in arbitrary units. For example， Klett 100 corresponds to ="2 X 106 cells per ml. The relationship is linear up to Klett 150 in our Klett-Summerson colorimeter. Suspension cultures ofWOOLC cell line are normally maintained at cell densities between 106 and 107 cells per ml in 0.1 mg of 2，4-D per liter (high-density culture) in shake flasks. During a quantitative study on embryogenesis， we found that maximal embryo production can be achieved by first incubating the culture at high density in medium without 2，4-D for one generation time and then diluting it to 2-3 x 104 cells per ml (low-density culture). To compare cultures of comparable density， callus cultures and embryo cultures were subjected to the same procedure. To initiate low-density embryo or callus cultures， an 8-day-old high-density culture grown at the logarithmic phase was washed three times with fresh callus or embryogenic medium and resuspended at 8 x 105 cells per ml for one generation (3 days) in its corresponding medium. It was then diluted to 2 x 104 cells per ml; 20 ml of the culture was incubated in a plastic Petri dish (9 cm in diameter) at 240C. The morphogenetic events of the cultures were examined and photographed under a dissecting microscope. 请不要用google的那个，我看不懂~~ 展开

求一段论文的汉译英翻译，谢啦（1）: 1.半导体激光器又称激光二极管(LD)。进入八十年代，人们吸收了半导体物理发展的Z新成果，采用了量子阱(QW)和应变量子阱(SL-QW)等新颖性结构，引进了折射率调制Bragg发射器以及增强调制Bragg发射器Z新技术，同时还发展了MBE、MOCVD及CBE等晶体生长技术新工艺... 1.半导体激光器又称激光二极管(LD)。进入八十年代，人们吸收了半导体物理发展的Z新成果，采用了量子阱(QW)和应变量子阱(SL-QW)等新颖性结构，引进了折射率调制Bragg发射器以及增强调制Bragg发射器Z新技术，同时还发展了MBE、MOCVD及CBE等晶体生长技术新工艺，使得新的外延生长工艺能够精确地控制晶体生长，达到原子层厚度的精度，生长出优质量子阱以及应变量子阱材料。于是，制作出的LD，其阈值电流显著下降，转换效率大幅度提高，输出功率成倍增长，使用寿命也明显加长。 2.光电子学的飞速发展主要是建立在量子力学和材料科学的发展上的，其中尤其瞩目的就是光电子半导体的发展。LED， LD这些神气的电子器件便是这一发展的结果，尤其是近期有机光电材料的发展，更加是极大的推动着光电材料的进步。首先半导体为什么会发光？当电子从上面导带跳下来进入价带的时候，损失了一定的能量，这些能量就变成了光子发射出来，通俗的说就是发光了。呵呵：）半导体激光器是以直接带隙半导体材料构成的PN结或PIN结为工作物质的一种小型化激光器.半导体激光工作物质有几十种，目前已制成激光器的半导体材料有砷化稼(GaAs )、砷化锢(InAs)、氮化镓（GaN）、锑化锢( InSb)、硫化锅( cds )、蹄化福(CdTe )、硒化铅(PbSe)、啼化铅(PhTe )、铝稼砷(A1xGa，-，As)、锢磷砷(In-PxAS)等.半导体激光器的激励方式主要有三种，即电注人式、光泵式和高能电子束激励式. 绝大多数半导体激光器的激励方式是电注人，即给Pn结加正向电压，以使在结平面区域产生受激发射，也就是说是个正向偏置的二极管，因此半导体激光器又称为半导体激光二极管.对半导体来说，由于电子是在各能带之间进行跃迁，而不是在分立的能级之间跃迁，所以跃迁能量不是个确定值，这使得半导体激光器的输出波长展布在一个很宽的范围上.它们所发出的波长在0.3 -34um之间.其波长范围决定于所用材料的能带间隙，Z常见的是AlGaA:双异质结激光器，其输出波长为750 - 890nm. 世界上diyi只半导体激光器是1962 年问世的，经过几十年来的研究，半导体激光器得到了惊人的发展，它的波长从红外、红光到蓝绿光，被盖范围逐渐扩大，各项性能参数也有了很大的提高，其制作技术经历了由扩散法到液相外延法(LPE)，气相外延法(VPE)，分子束外延法(MBE)，MOCVD方法(金属有机化合物汽相淀积)，化学束外延(CBE)以及它们的各种结合型等多种工艺.其激射闭值电流由几百mA降到几十mA，直到亚mA，其寿命由几百到几万小时，乃至百万小时从Z初的低温(77K)下运转发展到在常温下连续工作，输出功率由几毫瓦提高到千瓦级(阵列器件)它具有效率高、体积小、重量轻、结构简单、能将电能直接转换为激光能、功率转换效率高(已达10%以上、Z大可达50%).便于直接调制、省电等优点，因此应用领域日益扩大.目前，固定波长半导体激光器的使用数量居所有激光器之首，某些重要的应用领域过去常用的其他激光器，已逐渐为半导体激光器所取代. 半导体激光器Z大的缺点是:激光性能受温度影响大，光束的发散角较大(一般在几度到20度之间)，所以在方向性、单色性和相干性等方面较差.但随着科学技术的迅速发展，半导体激光器的研究正向纵深方向推进，半导体激光器的性能在不断地提高.目前半导体激光器的功率可以达到很高的水平，而且光束质量也有了很大的提高.以半导体激光器为核心的半导体光电子技术在21世纪的信息社会中将取得更大的进展，发挥更大的作用. 展开

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