麻烦哪位英语牛人帮忙翻译下~~药学的翻译成英语谢谢了

好基123575 2008-06-07 10:30:31 525 浏览

目的制备足浴液并对其进行质量考察。方法采用正交试验优选苦参中苦参碱和紫草中紫草素的提取工艺，通过紫外分光光度法对苦参碱与紫草素的含量进行测定，并将苦参碱、紫草素、水杨酸、苯甲酸和硼酸按一定比例进行溶解实验。化学成分分析采用薄层色谱法及试管... 目的制备足浴液并对其进行质量考察。方法采用正交试验优选苦参中苦参碱和紫草中紫草素的提取工艺，通过紫外分光光度法对苦参碱与紫草素的含量进行测定，并将苦参碱、紫草素、水杨酸、苯甲酸和硼酸按一定比例进行溶解实验。化学成分分析采用薄层色谱法及试管实验法对苦参中苦参碱与紫草中紫草素进行化学成分检测。结果通过薄层色谱法和试管实验法得出苦参碱为生物碱、紫草素为蒽醌。通过正交试验和紫外分光光度法选出Z优提取方案。通过溶解实验使中化学药物形成混悬液，Z后得到足浴液样品。结论通过T浓度实验，溶解实验选用95%乙醇为溶媒。通过L9(33)正交实验确定Z佳提取工艺，即提取时间为30min，温度为60℃，乙醇浓度为60%，以苦参碱作对照品，用分光光度法测定其苦参碱得率3.07%。经过实验摸索，得到超声提取紫草工艺的Z佳条件，即乙醇浓度为70%，超声功率为400w，料液比为1：40时提取率较高。足浴液制备方法简便，有利于实际生产，降低能源、节约时间，有较大的开发利用价值和广泛的市场前景。关键字：紫草；苦参；正交设计；薄层色谱展开

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elephantcule 2008-06-08 00:00:00

Now ，preparation enough to shower and their quality inspection. Methods orthogonal test and optimization of Matrine Kushen Shikonin shikonin in the extraction process， through UV spectrophotometry of matrine and shikonin to determine the content and matrine， Shikonin Su， salicylic acid， benzoic acid and boric acid dissolved by a certain percentage to experiment. Chemical composition analysis by TLC and test-tube experiments in the Kushen Matrine and Shikonin shikonin in the chemical composition testing. Results TLC and test-tube experiments that matrine for alkaloids， shikonin for anthraquinone. By orthogonal testing and optimal UV spectrophotometry elected from the programme. Through the dissolution of the prescription drug in the form of suspension， enough to shower the end of samples. Conclusion T concentration of dissolved choice of 95 percent ethanol as solvent. Through L9 (33) orthogonal experiment to determine the optimal extraction process， that is， from time to 30 min， the temperature was 60 ℃， alcohol concentration of 60 percent， to matrine for reference substance， with its Determination in the matrine Rate of 3.07 percent. After experimental exploration， extraction by ultrasound Shikonin the best of conditions， namely the concentration of 70 percent ethanol， ultrasonic power for 400 w， feed than for the higher rate of extraction at 1:40. Preparation is simple enough to shower， to actual production， reduce energy and save time， have greater value and the development and utilization of broad market prospects. Keyword: Shikonin; Kushen; orthogonal design; TLC

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麻烦哪位英语牛人帮忙翻译下~~药学的翻译成英语谢谢了: 目的制备足浴液并对其进行质量考察。方法采用正交试验优选苦参中苦参碱和紫草中紫草素的提取工艺，通过紫外分光光度法对苦参碱与紫草素的含量进行测定，并将苦参碱、紫草素、水杨酸、苯甲酸和硼酸按一定比例进行溶解实验。化学成分分析采用薄层色谱法及试管... 目的制备足浴液并对其进行质量考察。方法采用正交试验优选苦参中苦参碱和紫草中紫草素的提取工艺，通过紫外分光光度法对苦参碱与紫草素的含量进行测定，并将苦参碱、紫草素、水杨酸、苯甲酸和硼酸按一定比例进行溶解实验。化学成分分析采用薄层色谱法及试管实验法对苦参中苦参碱与紫草中紫草素进行化学成分检测。结果通过薄层色谱法和试管实验法得出苦参碱为生物碱、紫草素为蒽醌。通过正交试验和紫外分光光度法选出Z优提取方案。通过溶解实验使中化学药物形成混悬液，Z后得到足浴液样品。结论通过T浓度实验，溶解实验选用95%乙醇为溶媒。通过L9(33)正交实验确定Z佳提取工艺，即提取时间为30min，温度为60℃，乙醇浓度为60%，以苦参碱作对照品，用分光光度法测定其苦参碱得率3.07%。经过实验摸索，得到超声提取紫草工艺的Z佳条件，即乙醇浓度为70%，超声功率为400w，料液比为1：40时提取率较高。足浴液制备方法简便，有利于实际生产，降低能源、节约时间，有较大的开发利用价值和广泛的市场前景。关键字：紫草；苦参；正交设计；薄层色谱展开

帮忙翻译成英语: 1.掌握量热装置的基本组合及电热补偿法测定热效应的基本原理2.用电热补偿法测定KNO3或KCL在不同浓度水溶液中的积分溶解热3.用作图法求KNO3或KCL在水中的微分冲淡，积分冲淡热和微分溶... 1.掌握量热装置的基本组合及电热补偿法测定热效应的基本原理 2.用电热补偿法测定KNO3或KCL在不同浓度水溶液中的积分溶解热 3.用作图法求KNO3或KCL在水中的微分冲淡，积分冲淡热和微分溶解热还有：1。测定蔗糖转化的反应速率常数和半衰期 2.掌握旋光仪的使用方法不要用翻译网站翻啊······麻烦各位了展开

帮忙翻译一哈文章（翻译成英语）: 摘要本文采用环氧氯丙烷、乙二胺、对氨基苯磺酸等物质合成了一种新的活性染料耐氯水牢度提升剂，并对经多种类型活性染料染色的织物进行固色处理，再进行氯漂处理。经过对织物K/S值、Z大吸收波长λmax、摩擦牢度及皂洗牢度的分析，确定提升剂处理的Z佳工... 摘要本文采用环氧氯丙烷、乙二胺、对氨基苯磺酸等物质合成了一种新的活性染料耐氯水牢度提升剂，并对经多种类型活性染料染色的织物进行固色处理，再进行氯漂处理。经过对织物K/S值、Z大吸收波长λmax、摩擦牢度及皂洗牢度的分析，确定提升剂处理的Z佳工艺。实验表明:织物的K/S值有很大的提高，织物的耐氯牢度大致可提升2～3级，并且不会改变织物色光。但是提升剂对色织物的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度影响不是很大。关键词：活性染料；耐氯色牢度；提升剂；染色工艺展开

求助：帮忙帮忙，机械英语NB的帮忙翻译下: The effect of beam diameter on the electron skirt in a high pressure scanning electron microscope R. Belkorissata， A. Kadouna， B. Khelifab， C. Mathieub，* aLaboratoire d’Elaboration et de Caracte´risation des Mate´riaux， Univ... The effect of beam diameter on the electron skirt in a high pressure scanning electron microscope R. Belkorissata， A. Kadouna， B. Khelifab， C. Mathieub，* aLaboratoire d’Elaboration et de Caracte´risation des Mate´riaux， Universite´ Djilali Liabe`s de Sidi Bel-Abbes， BP 89， 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbe`s， Algeria bCentre de Calcul et de Mode´lisation de Lens， University D’Artois， Faculte´ Jean Perrin， SP 18 Rue Jean Souvraz， 62307 Lens cedex， France Received 9 February 2004; accepted 19 March 2004 Abstract Helium gas and air are commonly used in the high pressure scanning electron microscope (HPSEM). The presence of a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber modifies the electron beam profile. In order to fully understand the beam-gas interaction， we have investigated the beam-diameter effect for two gases (helium and air) by Monte Carlo simulation. In this calculation， we have assumed that the electron beam is Gaussian and we have explored the influence of the nature of the gas at low voltage. When the beam diameter varies between 1 and 100 nm， there is no influence on the beam profile for these two gases. The resolving power of the HPSEM is not affected by the beamgas interaction. These theoretical results have been compared with experimental images obtained at low voltage under air and helium gases. The variation of image quality at low voltage has confirmed the interest of helium for use in a Field Emission Gun SEM (FEGSEM) in high pressure (or low vacuum) conditions. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: High pressure scanning electron microscope; Monte Carlo; Electron scattering; Electron profile; Skirting 展开

帮忙翻译一段英语: Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxy... Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2，4-D). To regenerate plants from the culture， callus tissue was transferred to the same medium devoid of 2，4-D (embryogenic medium). All experiments were performed with cultures grown in liquid medium. For convenience， cultures grown in 2，4-D-containing medium are referred to as "callus cultures"， and those grown in medium without 2，4-D as "embryo cultures." The growth of callus cultures was measured by the sidearmturbidity method (7). The number of cells at any time point of growth was estimated from turbidity in a Klett-Summerson calorimeter and was expressed in arbitrary units. For example， Klett 100 corresponds to ="2 X 106 cells per ml. The relationship is linear up to Klett 150 in our Klett-Summerson colorimeter. Suspension cultures ofWOOLC cell line are normally maintained at cell densities between 106 and 107 cells per ml in 0.1 mg of 2，4-D per liter (high-density culture) in shake flasks. During a quantitative study on embryogenesis， we found that maximal embryo production can be achieved by first incubating the culture at high density in medium without 2，4-D for one generation time and then diluting it to 2-3 x 104 cells per ml (low-density culture). To compare cultures of comparable density， callus cultures and embryo cultures were subjected to the same procedure. To initiate low-density embryo or callus cultures， an 8-day-old high-density culture grown at the logarithmic phase was washed three times with fresh callus or embryogenic medium and resuspended at 8 x 105 cells per ml for one generation (3 days) in its corresponding medium. It was then diluted to 2 x 104 cells per ml; 20 ml of the culture was incubated in a plastic Petri dish (9 cm in diameter) at 240C. The morphogenetic events of the cultures were examined and photographed under a dissecting microscope. 请不要用google的那个，我看不懂~~ 展开

英语高手帮忙翻译一下: ThequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.Makingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4seriesorganicacidsandchiralpr... The quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . Making comprehensive use ofbiotechnology， the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4series organic acids and chiral products. These products are widely used in many fields such as food， phamaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the overseas markets. The man products are L-Malic acid ， DL-Malic acid， L(+)-Tartaric acid ， Fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. Annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. The company has become an important manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world . All the products of the company have respectively met the different international aadvanced standards such as Food chemicals Codex， U.S. Pharmacopoeia ，British Pharmacopoeia and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher certificate. Above 70% of the Companys products are exported to Japan， Europe， Australias， the United states and middle East ， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. The company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. It will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates， chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Depending on superior quality， good service and high reputation， the company is willing to establish a long-term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue contribute to the happy life of humans. 展开

哪位英语高手帮帮忙，翻译英语文章！谢谢1: 英语高手，谢谢了！ThecatalystsupportwasimpregnatedwithacetonesolutionofRuCl3.nH2Ouptorutheniumcontentof4w%，understirringfor6h.Afterconcentrationinarotaryevaporator，theobt... 英语高手，谢谢了！ The catalyst support was impregnated with acetone solution of RuCl3.nH2O up to ruthenium content of 4 w%， under stirring for 6 h. After concentration in a rotary evaporator， the obtained material was dried in air at 383 K overnight and subjected to preliminary reduction with a 1N2/3H2 stream at 698 K， and then cooled in 1N2/3H2 atmosphere. The potassium promoter was introduced by incipient wet impregnation with KNO3 solution at room temperature with molar ratio of K+ /Ru = 5/1. After stirring for 6 h and infusing for 24 h， the samples were dried in a rotary evaporator at 343K and then dried in the air at 383K for 12 h. The ammonia synthesis activities of the catalysts with about 35-60 meshes were evaluated by 1N2/3H2 flow of 2100 mL/h at 0.2 MPa from 623 K to 773 K. The amount of effluent ammonia was determined by titration method. As we can see from the Table 1， under the same reaction conditions， the catalyst K-Ru/Mg(Al)O exhibited the highest activity， 38.42 mL NH3•h-1•g-1 at 673K， 3 times more active than K-Ru/MgO， 12.88 mL NH3•h-1•g-1 at 748K. This means that selection of supports takes great effects on the activity of catalysts. The ammonia synthesis activity of different supports are K-Ru/Mg(Al)O > K-Ru/Mg-Al-Ca(1) > K-Ru/Mg-Al-Ca(2) > K-Ru/Al2O3 > K-Ru/CaO > K-Ru/MgO. The combinatorial supports showed higher activity than single supports. However， the sequence of temperature corresponding to the highest activity is just opposite to that of the activity. The optimal temperature for K-Ru/Mg(Al)O， 673K， is the lowest of all， on the contrary， that of K-Ru/MgO is the highest， 748K. The Mg(Al)O has a larger surface area of 140.95 m2•g-1 ， similar to γ-Al2O3， 110-180 m2•g-1 . The other two combinational supports have little surface areas but higher activities than Al2O3. It suggested that the activity of the catalyst is influenced not only by the dispersion of Ru crystals but also by the crystal structure of the supports. Table 1 Ammonia synthesis activities and BET surface areas Catalyst Optimal activity Highest activity Surface area of support temperature(K) (NH3/mL•h-1•g-1) (m2•g-1) K-Ru/MgO 748 12.88 K-Ru/Al2O3 698 23.79 K-Ru/CaO 723 23.22 K-Ru/Mg(Al)O 673 38.42 140.95 K-Ru/Mg-Al-Ca(1) 698 30.75 29.10 K-Ru/Mg-Al-Ca(2) 698 26.12 14.69 Acknowledgments This work was supported by the NNSF of China (20273053， 20023001 and 29933040)， the 973 Programming (001CB108906) and the NSF of Fujian province (E0310001). References 1. C. J. H. Jacobsen， S. Dahl， P. L. Hansen et al.， J. Mol. Catal. A， 2000， 163， 19. 2. F. Cavani， F. Trifiro， A. Vaccari， Catal. Today， 1991， 11， 173. 展开

喝牛奶翻译成英语:

帮忙翻译下化工的英语。。用在线词典翻译部正确: A reversed-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPIPC) method for the separation of a complex mixture of heparin-derived oligosacchrides has been developed by a stepwise optimization of the mobile phase， in which the... A reversed-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPIPC) method for the separation of a complex mixture of heparin-derived oligosacchrides has been developed by a stepwise optimization of the mobile phase， in which the concentration of ion-pairing reagent， mobile phase pH， and acetonitrile concentration were varied. The resolution of more than 30 oligosaccharide components was obtained， under optimized conditions， in an analysis time of less than 30 min. This represents the first RP-HPLC method that can separate a complex mixture of both small and large sulfated oligosaccharides in a single chromatographic step. The heparin-derived oligosaccharides， in this mixture， can also be separated under a second set of RP-HPIPC conditions using a volatile ion-pairing reagent， tributylammonium acetate， to aid in the recovery of individual sulfated oligosaccharides. Moreover， it was possible to replace sodium chloride gradient， required for eluting highly sulfated oligosaccharides， with a fixed， low concentration of a volatile salt， ammonium acetate， by utilizing an acetonitrile gradient. This solvent system might make it possible to directly interface this RP-HPIPC separation with mass spectral analysis. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ion-pairing reagents; Gradient elution; Oligosaccharides 展开

求专业的英语达人帮忙翻译下万分感谢: Caution:Do not place your finger over the vent(it pressurizes the sensor) to test the flow indicator when gas is flowing to the sensor.removing your finger (the restriction) generates a vacuum on the sensor and maydamage the sensor(voiding ... Caution:Do not place your finger over the vent(it pressurizes the sensor) to test the flow indicator when gas is flowing to the sensor.removing your finger (the restriction) generates a vacuum on the sensor and maydamage the sensor(voiding the sensor warraty). Positive pressure applications: If the sample pressure is greater than 30 psign an external pressure regulator(optional) is required upsteram of the analyzer to control of sample flow.a pressure regulator with a metallic diaphragm is recommended to prevent high oxygen reading that cuold result from the use of diaphragms constructed of more gas permeable materisls. If other optionoal sample system components such as coiled metal tubing(samples must be colled to at least 35-40℃ for continuous use)，coalescing filters ，scrubbers，etc.are required install the pressure rugulator after the coiled tubing and bofore the other components and the analyzer.a scrubber requires a flow valve upstream for optimum efficiency and response time and that the analyzer flow valve is opened completely. Atmospheric or slightly negative pressure applications: For accurate high ppb and/or low ppm range measurements，an optional simple pump is required downstream of the analyzer to draw the sample through the analyzer.The cacuum drawn on the analyzer and sensor should not exceed 4”of water. Caution:Use ofpump downstream of the sensor requires the floe control valve upstream of the sensor be completely opened to avoid drawing ercessive vacuum in the sensor，which can damage the sensor. If pump over-loading(due to the limitation of low flow rate of the sample gas)is a comsideration，a second throttle valve on the pump’s inlet side may be necessary to provide a bypass path，as illustrated below，to prevent the pump from over-loading and over-heating while miantaining the required sample flow rate within the above-mentioned parameters 展开

有英语高手或者会labview的高手帮忙翻译下: LabVIEW就是基于虚拟仪器的开发环境，本文阐述了基于虚拟仪器技术在阻抗参数测量中的应用，根据电子测量的基本原理、计算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有语言—G语言—对被测对象进行... LabVIEW就是基于虚拟仪器的开发环境，本文阐述了基于虚拟仪器技术在阻抗参数测量中的应用，根据电子测量的基本原理、计算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有语言—G语言—对被测对象进行程序编译、运行、修改并Z终显示运行结果有高手帮忙翻译下展开

哪位英语高手帮我翻译几个地名？: 以下几个地名和句子：（是可书面应用的，不要口语，如是口语请注明） 1. 潘家园旧货市场 2. 长安大戏院 3. 西单图书大厦 4. 京广ZX 5. 什刹海 6. 秀水 7. 建国门地铁站 8. 百年奥运，梦想成真。

寻英语翻译成中文: 1.OpticalGasDetectionOpenPath(line-of–sight)GasDetectionemployingelectro-optical"spectralfinger-print"analysisoftheatmosphereusestheDifferentialOpticalAbsorptionSpectros... 1. Optical Gas Detection Open Path (line-of –sight) Gas Detection employing electro-optical "spectral finger-print" analysis of the atmosphere uses the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique in a unique (patented) method. The use of discriminative UV and IR narrow band filtered sensors enables the detection， identification and concentration determination of Flammable & Explosive gases migrating in the atmosphere， at concentrations well below their explosive levels. The specific systems developed for detection of flammable or toxic gases employ a flash or filament light source， which is in communication with a detector that responds to the attenuation in the light intensity caused by the presence of the gas. This line of Optical Gas Detection Systems known as SafEye has been successfully introduced into the High Risk/High Value markets. 2. Optical Flame Detection Flame Detection employing electro-optical analysis of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by flames in the Ultraviolet and Infrared spectral bands. The patented spectral analysis of the Flames radiation signals includes frequency and time domain analysis， cross correlations and ratios between the various sensor inputs. Unique background radiation analysis enhances the flame detection accuracy in a cluttered environment that contains various emitting sources like: direct solar radiation， heaters and burners， light projectors， high voltage sparks and welding radiation， extreme temperature conditions. This line of Optical Flame Detectors named SharpEye was developed and introduced into the safety and high risk/high value fire protection markets. The SharpEye series includes UV， UV/IR， Triple IR (IR3) and CCTV Optical Flame Detectors. 3. Explosion & Fire conditions Detection Explosion & Fire conditions can be detected very early by monitoring their environmental characteristics such as: changes in temperature and pressure caused by gaseous decomposition processes， radiation emitted during such processes， decomposition by-products that can be monitored at very low concentrations in air. Monitoring combustion products such as: CO2， CO， NOx， HC (unburned hydrocarbons)， etc.， at very low concentrations in air (at PPM levels) enables very early and reliable detection of these conditions. The SafEye line of Optical Gas Analysis Systems includes UV and IR specific models. 4. Military Explosion Detection and Suppression Systems SAFE line of military vehicle fire and explosion detection and suppression systems was developed by Spectrex Inc. in order to protect personnel from skin burns and pressure shock. The systems suppress gas or vapor explosions in less than 150 milliseconds， with a speed of response of less than 3 milliseconds. Suppression is activated in less than 5 milliseconds to discharge and disperse the agent， thus providing a uniform extinguishing concentration. The systems have been incorporated successfully in thousands of military vehicles worldwide 展开

麻烦英文好的帮忙翻译下~~~~: 虚拟仪器技术与NI的优势及发展趋势展望摘要：本文介绍了虚拟仪器的概念及发展。从虚拟仪器的组成，NI的优势及21世纪发展趋势的展望进行了详细的介绍。... 虚拟仪器技术与NI的优势及发展趋势展望摘要：本文介绍了虚拟仪器的概念及发展。从虚拟仪器的组成，NI的优势及21世纪发展趋势的展望进行了详细的介绍。展开

英语高手帮忙翻译段英文谢谢！！: In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated ... In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated higher activity than the commercial Dugussa P25 TiO2， allowing more efﬁcient utilization of solar light， while under sunlight， P25 showed higher photocatalytic activity. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD)， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectra analyses， it was found that both the nanosized anatase structure and the appearance of new absorption band in the visible region caused by nitrogen doping were responsible for the signiﬁcant enhancement of OG degradation under visible light. In addition， the photosensitized oxidation mechanism originated from OG itself was also considered contributing to the higher visible-light-induced degradation efﬁciency. The effect of the initial pH of the solution and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide under different light sources was also investigated. Under visible light and sunlight， the optimal solution pH was both 2.0， while the optimal dosage of H2O2 was 5.0 and 15.0 mmol/l， respectively. Azodyes， which are characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds ( N N )， are among the most notorious widespread environmental pollutants associated with textile，cosmetic， food colorants， printing， and pharmaceutical indus-tries. Because of their non-degradability， toxicity， potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity， wastewaters originating from these dyes production or application industries pose a major threat to the surrounding ecosystems and human beings’ health.[1–3].Environmental concerns and the need of meeting the strin-gent international standards for rejecting wastewaters has made the development of novel and cost-effective processes for the puriﬁcation of azo dyes efﬂuents an issue of major technological importance. 展开

哪位高手能帮我翻译一下谢谢了: 3.3. Microbial mapping The intensity of resonance Raman spectra of Cyt c allows for integration times below one second. Microbial mapping of an area of 50×50 μm2 with a resolution of 500 nm/pixel (10，000 single spectra) can be perform... 3.3. Microbial mapping The intensity of resonance Raman spectra of Cyt c allows for integration times below one second. Microbial mapping of an area of 50×50 μm2 with a resolution of 500 nm/pixel (10，000 single spectra) can be performed in less than 3 h. A further reduction of the measuring duration by a factor of 10 can be achieved by utilisation of an EMCCD camera (Coates et al.， 2004). Microbial mapping was done on granules from two different sequencing batch reactors (SBR) (Gaul et al.， 2006). The SBRs are used to analyse control parameters for the anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Fig. 7 shows two different microbial colonies in the same granulum. A graphical analysis of the spectroscopic data at 750 cm-1 (dominant resonant Raman band of Cyt c) and 2900 cm-1 (CH stretching mode) differentiated the two colonies. One colony shows stronger Raman signals at 750 cm-1 (blue frame). Whereas the other microorganisms have more amount of methyl or methylene groups (yellow frame). After the graphical analysis above， an average spectrum was constructed for each colony. The resulting averaged spectra were transferred to our Raman database of wastewater bacteria created by OPUS. The software recognized the microorganisms Fig. 5. Time series of N. eutropha Nm 57 which is captured by optical tweezers. Time difference between spectra: 1 s; Laser power: 9 mW. The bleaching effect due to photo-dissociation caused by laser radiation is easy to see. Fig. 6. The spectral heterogeneity of hierarchical clusteringis strongly dependent to the integration time. Bacteria from the same strain are only groupedtogether if the exposure time was the same. 246 R. P?tzold et al. / Journal of Microbiological Methods 72 (2008) 241–248 in the left colony as anammox bacteria， those in the upper right corner as Nitrosomonas. 展开

英语课文翻译: Ifyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury，youwouldhavearealdilemmaonyourhands.Injust100years，theworldchangedcompletely.Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeinm... If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century， you would have a real dilemma on your hands. In just 100 years， the world changed completely. Amazing discoveries were made in medicine， communications and transport， not to mention our knowledge of the world and space . Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseased under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones.Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing. We started flying around the world and meanwhile， scientists figured out how to spilt the atom， previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery， it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.Here are five of them. 展开

帮忙翻译一下化工方面的单词英语: 碱值测定器试剂移液管锥形瓶酸式滴定管甲基黄溴甲酚绿混合指示剂盐酸标准溶液摩尔/升酸式滴定管... 碱值测定器试剂移液管锥形瓶酸式滴定管甲基黄溴甲酚绿混合指示剂盐酸标准溶液摩尔/升酸式滴定管展开

请教英语高人，帮忙翻译一下．急用，谢谢！！！: Theelementalcontentofrawmaterials，phosphogypsum，substrate(potassiumsalt)，products(superphosphateand“Amofoska”)，soil，andgrasswasdeterminedusingconventionalandepithermaln... The elemental content of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate (potassium salt)， products (superphosphate and “Amofoska”)， soil， and grass was determined using conventional and epithermal neutron activation analysis using the IBR-2 pulsed fast reactor at Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP)， Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)， Dubna， Russia. The analytical procedure was described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. Quality control was based on the application of certified reference materials (CRMs): IAEA-336 (lichens)， IAEA-SDM (lake sediment) and IAEA-SL1 (soil). The certified values and the results obtained by NAA were compared (Table 2). Concentrations of most elements were in good agreement with the CRMs except for Ti， Ni， Ce， Eu， Dy and Rb， which differed from the certified value as follows: Ti - 41.7 %， Ni - 26.5 %， Ce - 24.3 %， Eu - 32.9 % and Dy - 33.3 % in IAEA-SL1 (soil) and Rb - 20.6 % in IAEA-336 (lichens). For the 21 elements in agreement with the certified values the bias observed was below 20 %. For 11 elements (Al， V， Mn， As， Br， Sc， Cr， Sm， Na， Co and Sb)， the bias ranged from 0.03 % to 5 %， for 5 elements (Fe， Zn， Ba， Th and Cs) the bias was greater than 5 % but lower than 10 %， and for 5 elements (La， Tb， Hf， Ta and U) the bias was determined to be between 10 % and 20 %. Samples of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate， products， soil (of about 0.1 g)， and grass (0.3 g) were irradiated in cadmium-screened channels 1 and 2 of the pneumatic “Regata” system described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. In order to determine elements associated with long-lived radionuclides， samples were irradiated for 100 hours. Spectra of induced gamma activity were recorded after 4 and 20-24 days of cooling. Short irradiations， 5 minutes for grass samples and 60 seconds for the remaining samples， allowed determination of Al， Ca， Cl， I， K， Na， Mg， Mn， Ti and V. Gamma-ray spectra were recorded after 5 and 12 minutes after irradiation. Data processing was performed using software developed at FLNP JINR [16， 17]. All gamma-spectrometers and counting electronics were made at JINR [16]. The software developed at FLNP JINR for peak searching， peak fitting， and nuclide identification routines were used for processing the amplitude spectra [16]. In the case of the lack of analytical data， there was a half of the detection limit inserted for each analyte [18]. Principal component analysis (classical PCA and fuzzy PCA) was performed as a tool for searching the possible correlations between environmental and industrial samples that could implicate the impact of phosphatic fertilizer production on the environment adjacent to the plant. 请给一个比较能看懂的翻译，谢谢. 展开

谁可以帮我翻译下这段话成英语，急用，求英语高手: 本文简述了国内外有关大气生物气溶胶的研究现状及其展望。主要围绕生物气溶胶的研究意义，生物气溶胶的研究历史，生物气溶胶的种类及来源，生物气溶胶的浓度及粒径分布特征，生物气溶胶采样技术与检测，以及对生物气溶胶未来发展的展望等六个方面进行了阐述。... 本文简述了国内外有关大气生物气溶胶的研究现状及其展望。主要围绕生物气溶胶的研究意义，生物气溶胶的研究历史，生物气溶胶的种类及来源，生物气溶胶的浓度及粒径分布特征，生物气溶胶采样技术与检测，以及对生物气溶胶未来发展的展望等六个方面进行了阐述。ZD介绍生物气溶胶的分布特征。展开

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