求达人翻译下英文文献关于光系统Ⅱ和除草剂通顺Z重要

shenanjing1988 2010-04-30 16:23:35 352 浏览

PhotosystemIIisthemulti-enzymaticchlorophyll-proteincomplex(water-plastoquinoneoxido-reductase)locatedinthethylakoidmembraneofalgae，cyanobacteriaandhigherplants.Itisanint... Photosystem II is the multi-enzymatic chlorophyll-protein complex (water-plastoquinone oxido-reductase) located in the thylakoid membrane of algae， cyanobacteria and higher plants. It is an integral part of the electron transport chain that catalyses primary charge separation. This protein complex consists of over 25 polypeptides， which make up a light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex (LHCII)， a reaction centre and the water-splitting system， also called the oxygen evolving complex (OEC). The PSII complex also contains the target site of the most widely used photosynthetic herbicides."^ The preparation of a biosensor for the detection of polluting compounds is based on the specific characteristics of PSII. Under illumination PSII drives electron transfer which is inhibited by specific chemical compounds (e.g.， herbicides). Thus， the photosynthetic membrane isolated firom higher plants and photosynthetic micro-organisms， immobilised and stabilised， will serve as the biosensor biomediator. The effect of compounds that alter or inhibit photosynthetic activity， measured as oxygen evolution， electron transport or fluorescence can then be translated and monitored by amperometric or optical systems. Recent experiments that were performed by our this team resulted in amperometric， potentiometric， optical biosensors for herbicides based on isolated and immobilised PSII particles exhibiting stable biological material and a highly sensitive monitoring response (limit of detection in the nanomolar range and for diuron herbicide in the picomolar range).^'^ However， the system is specific to photosynthetic herbicides but not very selective since several classes of compounds (herbicides represented by triazines， ureas， diazines， phenols) can bind to proteins of the PSII complex， most of them to the Dl protein of the reaction centre. 展开

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新乐小男人year 2010-05-01 00:00:00

光系统II是多酶叶绿素蛋白复合物（水质体醌二氧-还原酶）在类囊体膜的藻类，蓝藻和高等植物位置。这是一对电子传递链的电荷分离催化的主要组成部分。这种蛋白复合包含超过25多肽，它们构成一个捕光叶绿素蛋白复合物（LHCII），反应ZX和水分裂系统，也称为氧演变复杂（富氧）。该PSII的复杂也包含目标站点使用Z广泛的光合除草剂。“^的一个化合物的污染检测生物传感器的制备是光系统Ⅱ的具体特点为基础。光照下PSII的驱动器是电子转移由特定化学化合物YZ（如除草剂）。因此，光合膜分离firom高等植物和光合微生物，固定化和稳定，将作为生物传感器biomediator。效果

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求达人翻译下英文文献关于光系统Ⅱ和除草剂通顺Z重要: PhotosystemIIisthemulti-enzymaticchlorophyll-proteincomplex(water-plastoquinoneoxido-reductase)locatedinthethylakoidmembraneofalgae，cyanobacteriaandhigherplants.Itisanint... Photosystem II is the multi-enzymatic chlorophyll-protein complex (water-plastoquinone oxido-reductase) located in the thylakoid membrane of algae， cyanobacteria and higher plants. It is an integral part of the electron transport chain that catalyses primary charge separation. This protein complex consists of over 25 polypeptides， which make up a light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex (LHCII)， a reaction centre and the water-splitting system， also called the oxygen evolving complex (OEC). The PSII complex also contains the target site of the most widely used photosynthetic herbicides."^ The preparation of a biosensor for the detection of polluting compounds is based on the specific characteristics of PSII. Under illumination PSII drives electron transfer which is inhibited by specific chemical compounds (e.g.， herbicides). Thus， the photosynthetic membrane isolated firom higher plants and photosynthetic micro-organisms， immobilised and stabilised， will serve as the biosensor biomediator. The effect of compounds that alter or inhibit photosynthetic activity， measured as oxygen evolution， electron transport or fluorescence can then be translated and monitored by amperometric or optical systems. Recent experiments that were performed by our this team resulted in amperometric， potentiometric， optical biosensors for herbicides based on isolated and immobilised PSII particles exhibiting stable biological material and a highly sensitive monitoring response (limit of detection in the nanomolar range and for diuron herbicide in the picomolar range).^'^ However， the system is specific to photosynthetic herbicides but not very selective since several classes of compounds (herbicides represented by triazines， ureas， diazines， phenols) can bind to proteins of the PSII complex， most of them to the Dl protein of the reaction centre. 展开

求翻译英文文献: 2.2. Material Characterizations. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM， JEOL 6701F) was used to investigate the morphologies， particle sizes of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental compositions of the ... 2.2. Material Characterizations. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM， JEOL 6701F) was used to investigate the morphologies， particle sizes of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental compositions of the samples were determined by JEM-2100F (JEOL) coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX， Phoenix) system. Wide-angle and low-angle X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) of the as-obtained samples were recorded on a Rigaku D/max-2500 with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.540 56 Å) operated at 40 kV and 200 mA. Raman measurements were performed using a DXR from Thermo Scientific with a laser wavelength of 532 nm. To calculate the pore size distribution and pore volumes， the nitrogen absorption and desorption isotherms were measured at 77.3 K with an Autosorb-1 specific surface area analyzer from Quantachrome. The content of N in N-doped porous carbon was determined by NHC elemental analysis using Flash EA 1112. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of S/C composite was performed on TG/DTA 6300 in an N2 flow to obtain the S content in the composite. A four-contact method was applied to measure the powder electronic conductivity of porous carbons. The powder sample was pressed to disk at 4 MPa with two stainless-steel plungers， whose resistance was measured by a Keithley 2400 digital multimeter in fourwire mode. The conductivity of the sample was calculated according to the resistance and the size of the disk. Information of the surface elements was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) performed on the Thermo Scientific ESCALab 250Xi using 200 W monochromatic Al Kα radiation. The 500 μm X-ray spot was used for XPS analysis. The base pressure in the analysis chamber was about 3 × 10−10 mbar. All reported data of XPS binding energy are calibrated based on the hydrocarbon C 1s line at 284.8 eV from adventitious carbon. Spectra were fitted with Lorentzian−Gaussian functions and smart background using Thermo Avantage software. 展开

求助，英文文献翻译~: PMMA has good compatibility with PVC due to specific interaction of a hydrogen bonding type between carbonyl groups (C=O) of PMMA and hydrogen from (CHCl) groups of PVC (Belhaneche-Bensemra et al.， 2002; Ramesh et al.， 2002). Zhou et al... PMMA has good compatibility with PVC due to specific interaction of a hydrogen bonding type between carbonyl groups (C=O) of PMMA and hydrogen from (CHCl) groups of PVC (Belhaneche-Bensemra et al.， 2002; Ramesh et al.， 2002). Zhou et al. (2001) studied the relationship between the coating thickness of PMMA on the surface of talc and mechanical properties of PMMA-g-talc/PVC composites， and found that there existed a critical thickness. Xie (2001) found that the PMMA coating on talc improved the dispersion of talc in the PVC matrix and enhanced the interfacial adhesion between talc and PVC. There appears to be a critical coating thickness of PMMA on the talc surface for optimum toughening. Quan et al. (2002) reported improved toughness and intension of the PVC composites filled with CaCO3/ACR core-shell complex particles prepared by in-situ emulsion polymerization of acrylic ester. In the present work， PMMA coated on the surface of CaCO3 nanoparticles by in-situ emulsion polymerization was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The effects of PMMA thickness and particle fraction on the mechanical properties of PMMA-coated CaCO3 /PVC nanocomposites were also investigated. 展开

求助，英文文献翻译！: 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials Nano-CaCO3 particles (D50: 30−70 nm by TEM (Fig. 1) and BET: ca.17m2·g-1) were supplied by Shanghai Zhuoyue Nanotech Corporation. Methyl methacrylate (MMA， Shanghai Lingfeng Chemicals) was purified ... 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials Nano-CaCO3 particles (D50: 30−70 nm by TEM (Fig. 1) and BET: ca.17m2·g-1) were supplied by Shanghai Zhuoyue Nanotech Corporation. Methyl methacrylate (MMA， Shanghai Lingfeng Chemicals) was purified by distillation under reduced pressure; potassium persulphate (K2S2O8， initiator， Shanghai Lingfeng Chemicals) was of chemical grade. Silane coupling agent A174 (γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) was purchased from Shanghai Yaohua Factory. Polyvinylchloride (PVC， WS-1000S) was supplied by Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co.， Ltd. Fig. 1 Morphology of untreated CaCO3 nanoparticles. Fig. 2 Morphology of PMMA-coated CaCO3 nanoparticles. 2.2 PMMA emulsion polymerization on CaCO3 nanoparticles 2.2.1 Surface silanation of nano-CaCO3 particles The nano-CaCO3 particles were homogeneously dispersed in ethanol (solid content 20%) by a sonication dispersion equipment. The slurry was then heated to 80°C with stirring， and the silane coupling agent A174 (5%， calculated based on the weight of nano-CaCO3 particles) was added into the slurry. After the slurry was stirred for 120 min at 80°C， it was filtered and the filter cake was then dried at 120°C in low vacuum for 120 min to obtain silanated CaCO3 powders. 展开

求翻译文献: Anionsarecommonlyfoundintheenvironmentandbiologicalsystems.Forinstance，fluorideiswidelyusedindentalcareapplicationsandexhibitsinhibitionofcertainenzymefunctions.1Inadditi... Anions are commonly found in the environment and biological systems. For instance， fluoride is widely used in dental care applications and exhibits inhibition of certain enzyme functions.1 In addition to playing a central role in biological regulation， chloride is also a major groundwater contaminant that can corrode steel and concrete.2 Thyroid hormone synthesis largely determines iodine content.3 Acetate is a possible tracer for malignancies and has been extensively investigated in prostate cancer and its metastases.4 Phosphate ion is biologically and environmentally significant.5 Cyanide exerts adverse effects on human health as well as environment at low concentrations. Determining anions concentration is thus of primary concern in many areas， including food processing， industry， and clinic analysis.6 However， hydrophilic anions， such as F- and Cl-， form strong hydrogen bonds with protic solvents. Therefore， developing fluorescent probes based on electrostatic interactions for anions functioning in polar protic solvents is both challenging and currently infeasible. 展开

文献求翻译: Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for th... Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for the synthesis of primary tert-alkylamines from nitriles (Scheme 1). Thus propionitrile (1a)， phenylmagnesium bromide (2) and Ti(Oi-Pr)4 were chosen to optimize the reaction conditions. In the protocol for the synthesis of cyclopropylamines，10 Ti(Oi-Pr)4 is already present in the diethyl ether solution of a nitrile， before two equivalents of the Grignard reagent are added. As this did not appear to be optimal for the synthesis of primary tertalkylamines， the Grignard reagent was added before Ti(Oi-Pr)4. With 2 equivalents of PhMgBr， 0.1 equivalent of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， and 1 equivalent of propionitrile (1a)， the primary tert-alkylamine 8a was not formed at all. With an equimolar quantity of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， the amine 8a was produced in a low yield (11%) but with 1 equivalent of Ti(Oi- Pr)4 and 3 equivalents of the Grignard reagent 2， a 60% yield of 8a was obtained. Monitoring of the reaction by workup of aliquots of the reaction mixture showed that the first addition of 2 to form the N-magnesio derivative of the corresponding imine was rapid， whereas the subsequent second addition of the Grignard reagent 2 required heating under reflux for up to 24 hours. In tetrahydrofuran instead of diethyl ether， the amine 8a was formed in a very low yield， if at all. 展开

纳米材料英文文献加翻译:

求关于水质分析英文文献及中文翻译: 河流水质，海水水质，ZG的，外国的都行。这是本科毕业论文的一部分，有的朋友分享一下，发我邮箱里57019314@qq.com非常的感谢。谢谢各位教授级网友了... 河流水质，海水水质，ZG的，外国的都行。这是本科毕业论文的一部分，有的朋友分享一下，发我邮箱里57019314@qq.com 非常的感谢。谢谢各位教授级网友了展开

通信方面的英文文献翻译！！: 以下是文献的一部分，愿意帮忙的高手留下邮箱，我把文件发给你，若能完成，加分：SpatialCompressiveSensingApproachForFieldDirectionalityEstimation.I.INTRODUCTIONVarietyoft... 以下是文献的一部分，愿意帮忙的高手留下邮箱，我把文件发给你，若能完成，加分： Spatial Compressive Sensing Approach For Field Directionality Estimation. I. INTRODUCTION Variety of techniques for field directionality estimation were studied in literature [1]-[5]. Thus， a theoretical analysis of the relationship between the hydrophone array output and the noise field was conducted in [1]-[5]. The developed techniques were based on the array beamformer output or the crossspectral matrix between outputs of array elements [4]-[5]. The problem of a field directionality estimation in ocean， using horizontal line towed array was also addressed in literature [5]- [8]. Recently， problems of direction of arrival and field directionality estimation for moving sensors arrays have attracted renewed interest [9]-[12]. It was shown that an array motion can improve an array performance assuming temporal coherence of successive samples [10]-[11]. In [12]， the wavefield sampling method that exploits the linear relationship between the noise field and the collection of beamformer outputs over various array orientations was proposed. It was shown that the wavefield sampling (WS) method outperforms other tested methods. This algorithm was implemented via the recursive estimation method and its convergence to the unique solution was promised for a specific set of array orientations and beamformer look directions. However， a method for a proper array orientation and beamformer look direction sequence selection remains an open question. The quality of the field directionality estimation is determined by the angular resolution. The higher angular resolution is， the more accurate estimation of the far field sources， and better detection performance can be achieved. One of fundamental relations in the array signal processing is that the angular resolution is directly proportional to the number of the array elements [13]. This relation motivates the desire for longer arrays that can achieve higher resolution. Unfortunately， the requirement contradicts the implementation and installation limitations that motivate shorter arrays. Moreover， implementation of longer arrays for maneuvering platforms such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) can even be impossible [14]. These contradictions motivate the quest for alternative array signal processing methods. Usually， the field directionality is modeled as a finite set of strong far-field narrow-band sources and an isotropic lowpower noise [1]. In this work， the model of the field directionality is adopted in the following way. First， the bearing angle space is uniformly sampled into a large number of discrete angles. Next， it is assumed that ether the high energy that corresponds to the far-field strong sources or the low-energy that corresponds to the isotropic noise is received at the sensor array from every of these discrete azimuth angles. 展开

求专业的英语达人帮忙翻译下万分感谢: Caution:Do not place your finger over the vent(it pressurizes the sensor) to test the flow indicator when gas is flowing to the sensor.removing your finger (the restriction) generates a vacuum on the sensor and maydamage the sensor(voiding ... Caution:Do not place your finger over the vent(it pressurizes the sensor) to test the flow indicator when gas is flowing to the sensor.removing your finger (the restriction) generates a vacuum on the sensor and maydamage the sensor(voiding the sensor warraty). Positive pressure applications: If the sample pressure is greater than 30 psign an external pressure regulator(optional) is required upsteram of the analyzer to control of sample flow.a pressure regulator with a metallic diaphragm is recommended to prevent high oxygen reading that cuold result from the use of diaphragms constructed of more gas permeable materisls. If other optionoal sample system components such as coiled metal tubing(samples must be colled to at least 35-40℃ for continuous use)，coalescing filters ，scrubbers，etc.are required install the pressure rugulator after the coiled tubing and bofore the other components and the analyzer.a scrubber requires a flow valve upstream for optimum efficiency and response time and that the analyzer flow valve is opened completely. Atmospheric or slightly negative pressure applications: For accurate high ppb and/or low ppm range measurements，an optional simple pump is required downstream of the analyzer to draw the sample through the analyzer.The cacuum drawn on the analyzer and sensor should not exceed 4”of water. Caution:Use ofpump downstream of the sensor requires the floe control valve upstream of the sensor be completely opened to avoid drawing ercessive vacuum in the sensor，which can damage the sensor. If pump over-loading(due to the limitation of low flow rate of the sample gas)is a comsideration，a second throttle valve on the pump’s inlet side may be necessary to provide a bypass path，as illustrated below，to prevent the pump from over-loading and over-heating while miantaining the required sample flow rate within the above-mentioned parameters 展开

求1篇关于纳米材料的英文文献，并有中文翻译: 求1篇关于纳米材料的英文文献，并有中文翻译，谢谢，急急急！~~~~~~~~

求一篇关于自动洗瓶机的英文文献及中文翻译: 求一篇关于自动洗瓶机的英文文献及中文翻译，中文翻译字数在5000字左右，看过后给分，以免使胡乱翻译的。急求啊~~~~~~~~~~~~~~有意者可以发送至邮箱jay55111@sina.com如果有人有的话，... 求一篇关于自动洗瓶机的英文文献及中文翻译，中文翻译字数在5000字左右，看过后给分，以免使胡乱翻译的。急求啊~~~~~~~~~~~~~~有意者可以发送至邮箱jay55111@sina.com 如果有人有的话，再加100分，有QQ为证，416975023，今晚12点前截止展开

谁能帮我翻译一下这段英文文献啊: Fig. 1 shows that diamond particles are dispersed in the copper matrix. Since the diamond particles are easy to be stripped off during mechanical polishing， small pits are left on the surface of samples. When the samples were analyzed b... Fig. 1 shows that diamond particles are dispersed in the copper matrix. Since the diamond particles are easy to be stripped off during mechanical polishing， small pits are left on the surface of samples. When the samples were analyzed by electron probe for carbon， the particles displayed high carbon peaks， as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 exhibits the analyzed result for extracted product of the copper–diamond composite by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It is shown that three dif- fraction peaks exist， shown as A， B and C， respectively. The interplanar distances corresponding to the three peaks and standard ones for diamond are compared in Table 1. The measured values of the interplanar distances are in good agreement with the standard ones， demon- strating that the extracted product should be the carbon in diamond state. Fig. 4(a) gives a TEM micrograph showing distribution and morphology of diamond particles (indicated as A， B， and C) in the copper–diamond composite. The calibration of interplanar distance for diffraction rings in Fig. 4(b) was given in Table 2. Compared to Table 1， it is also demon- strated that the calibrated interplanar distances for the diffraction rings conform to the standard ones of diamond. Therefore， it is believed that the graphitization of diamond particles hardly occurs after sintering at 1150–1220 K in the copper–diamond composite. Although diamond is a metastable allotropic modifica- tion of carbon， the graphitization of diamond particles in the copper–diamond composite did not occur， or the degree of graphitization was too small to be found. It is believed that the beginning temperature of graphi- tization would be associated with the purity of diamond powders. The impurities such as some metallic elements reduce the beginning temperature of diamond graphitiza- tion. When diamond is fabricated by the static synthesis method， Fe and Ni are often used as catalysts and are present in diamond as impurities to decrease the beginning temperature of graphitization [6]. It is understandable that both for the graphitization and its reverse reactions， their activation energies can be decreased by catalytic agents. Compared with the diamond fabricated by static synthesis， the diamond powders prepared by explosion method do not contain metallic impurities， thus leading to an obvious increase in the beginning temperature of graphitization. Hence， the detonation synthetic diamond might be more resistant to graphitization and probably suitable for the electric contact materials. 展开

帮忙翻译一段关于方酸染料合成的的英文文献急急急: Synthesisofsquarainedyeswasreportedatleastin1966。Theyarederivedfromsquaricacidwhichundergoesanelectrophilicaromaticsubstitutionreactionwithananilineoranotherelectronrich... Synthesis of squaraine dyes was reported at least in 1966 。They are derived from squaric acid which undergoes an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction with an aniline or another electron rich derivative to form a highly conjugated product with extensive charge distribution. For instance， squaraine dyes are also formed via reaction of squaric acid or its derivatives with so-called "methylene bases" like 2-methyl-indolenines， 2-metyl-benzthiazoles or 2-methyl-benzo-selenazoles. Indolenine-based squaraines combine good photostability including high quantum yields when bound to proteins and reactive versions of these dyes are commonly used as fluorescent probes and labels for biomedical applications . 展开

求翻译，除湿机功能按钮英文！: Z主要是模式那三个真的搞不明白。

求翻译，不求专业，但求通顺，GOOGLE，有道，亦可！急！！！: UsingthePhillipscurvetoanalyzethedynamicimpactofoilpricefluctuationonU.S.inflation，Hooker(2002)firstproposedthisviewandfoundthattherelationshipcanbenegligibleinthelaterha... Using the Phillips curve to analyze the dynamic impact of oil price fluctuation on U.S. inflation， Hooker (2002) first proposed this view and found that the relationship can be negligible in the later half of the study period [5]. Jones et al. (2004) also support this view by summarizing the related literature [6]. However， as Balke et al. (2008) pointed out that these documents only can explain the phenomenon of gradually weakened negative relationship， and it can not explain why the relationship now is positive [3]. So the existing literature can not effectively explain the cause of the changing relationship. Generally in the oil market the sources leading to price fluctuation are comprised of oil supply shocks， economic demand shocks and precautionary demand shocks. Oil supply shocks are the factors that impact oil price fluctuation through oil production volatility. Economic demand shocks are the world economic factors that impact oil price fluctuation through world oil demand volatility. Precautionary demand shocks are specific to the crude oil market and designed to capture shifts in the price of oil driven by higher precautionary demand associated with fears about the availability of future oil supplies. If oil price is driven by different factors， the economic consequences will be different. When commenting on the view of Blanchard and Gali (2007) [7]， U.S. energy economic research scholar Rotemberg (2007) [8] also pointed out that the dynamic changing relationship between oil price fluctuation and economic development can be interpreted from this angle， but he did not carry out theoretical and empirical analysis. This is precisely the source of the ideas of the paper. 展开

急求“红外测温控制系统”的英文文献: 急求“红外测温控制系统”的英文文献，Z好是非接触，在线式的，基于单片机的，谢谢了！

麻烦英文好的帮忙翻译下~~~~: 虚拟仪器技术与NI的优势及发展趋势展望摘要：本文介绍了虚拟仪器的概念及发展。从虚拟仪器的组成，NI的优势及21世纪发展趋势的展望进行了详细的介绍。... 虚拟仪器技术与NI的优势及发展趋势展望摘要：本文介绍了虚拟仪器的概念及发展。从虚拟仪器的组成，NI的优势及21世纪发展趋势的展望进行了详细的介绍。展开

请问你能找到关于蛋白质纯化与分离的英文文献及翻译么:

求中翻英达人（不要用翻译软件）: 采用猪支原体肺炎检测试剂盒诊断，将病猪分成三个组，diyi组用中药灯牛注射液ZL，平均疗程3天，治愈率达90%。第二组用丁胺卡那霉素ZL，平均疗程5天，治愈率只有70%。第三组不用任... 采用猪支原体肺炎检测试剂盒诊断，将病猪分成三个组，diyi组用中药灯牛注射液ZL，平均疗程3天，治愈率达90%。第二组用丁胺卡那霉素ZL，平均疗程5天，治愈率只有70%。第三组不用任何药物。结果表明，中药灯牛注射液ZL猪支原体肺炎的LX高于丁胺卡那霉素。展开

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