求翻译，不求专业，但求通顺，GOOGLE，有道，亦可！急！！！

翦傲之 2011-06-06 06:59:18 420 浏览

UsingthePhillipscurvetoanalyzethedynamicimpactofoilpricefluctuationonU.S.inflation，Hooker(2002)firstproposedthisviewandfoundthattherelationshipcanbenegligibleinthelaterha... Using the Phillips curve to analyze the dynamic impact of oil price fluctuation on U.S. inflation， Hooker (2002) first proposed this view and found that the relationship can be negligible in the later half of the study period [5]. Jones et al. (2004) also support this view by summarizing the related literature [6]. However， as Balke et al. (2008) pointed out that these documents only can explain the phenomenon of gradually weakened negative relationship， and it can not explain why the relationship now is positive [3]. So the existing literature can not effectively explain the cause of the changing relationship. Generally in the oil market the sources leading to price fluctuation are comprised of oil supply shocks， economic demand shocks and precautionary demand shocks. Oil supply shocks are the factors that impact oil price fluctuation through oil production volatility. Economic demand shocks are the world economic factors that impact oil price fluctuation through world oil demand volatility. Precautionary demand shocks are specific to the crude oil market and designed to capture shifts in the price of oil driven by higher precautionary demand associated with fears about the availability of future oil supplies. If oil price is driven by different factors， the economic consequences will be different. When commenting on the view of Blanchard and Gali (2007) [7]， U.S. energy economic research scholar Rotemberg (2007) [8] also pointed out that the dynamic changing relationship between oil price fluctuation and economic development can be interpreted from this angle， but he did not carry out theoretical and empirical analysis. This is precisely the source of the ideas of the paper. 展开

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风格706 2011-06-07 00:00:00

Using the Phillips curve to analyze the dynamic impact of 菲利普斯曲线分析使用的动态影响 oil price fluctuation on U.S. inflation， Hooker (2002) first 石油价格波动对美国的通货膨胀，(2002)diyi proposed this view and found that the relationship can be 提出了这个观点，可以发现其关系 negligible in the later half of the study period [5]. Jones et al. 在下半年的微不足道的研究期间[5]。琼斯孙俐。 (2004) also support this view by summarizing the related (2004)也支持这一观点进行总结的相关 literature [6]. However， as Balke et al. (2008) pointed out that 文献[6]。然而，随着Balke孙俐。指出(2008) these documents only can explain the phenomenon of gradually 这些文件只能解释这种现象的逐渐增加 weakened negative relationship， and it can not explain why the 削弱的负相关关系，它不能解释为什么 relationship now is positive [3]. So the existing literature can 现在是积极关系[3]。所以已有的文献资料 not effectively explain the cause of the changing relationship. 没有有效地解释其原因的变化关系。 Generally in the oil market the sources leading to price 一般来说，在石油市场来源导致的价格 fluctuation are comprised of oil supply shocks， economic 由石油供应波动的冲击，经济 demand shocks and precautionary demand shocks. Oil supply 需求的影响，提出了预防需求的影响。石油供应 shocks are the factors that impact oil price fluctuation through 冲击等因素的影响通过石油价格波动 oil production volatility. Economic demand shocks are the 石油产量波动。是经济需求的影响 world economic factors that impact oil price fluctuation 世界经济因素，石油价格波动的影响 through world oil demand volatility. Precautionary demand 通过石油需求的波动。预防需求 shocks are specific to the crude oil market and designed to 冲击是特定的原油市场和设计 capture shifts in the price of oil driven by higher precautionary 捕捉切换在较高的石油价格驱动的预防 demand associated with fears about the availability of future oil 伴随担忧需求未来石油的可用性 supplies. If oil price is driven by different factors， the economic 供应。如果石油价格驱动下的各种不同的因素、经济 consequences will be different. When commenting on the view 结果将是不同的。当评论的看法 of Blanchard and Gali (2007) [7]， U.S. energy economic 约翰·布朗奇德和Gali的(2007)[7]，美国的能源经济 research scholar Rotemberg (2007) [8] also pointed out that the 研究学者Rotemberg(2007)[8]也指出 dynamic changing relationship between oil price fluctuation 动态改变石油价格波动之间的关系 and economic development can be interpreted from this angle，与经济发展可以解释为何从这个角度出发， but he did not carry out theoretical and empirical analysis. This 但他没有进行理论和实证分析。这 is precisely the source of the ideas of the paper. 正是这种思想的来源的纸。

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射手王馨辰 2011-06-07 00:00:00

用菲利普斯曲线来分析美国的通货膨胀，石油价格波动胡克动态的影响（2002年）首先提出这一观点，并发现这种关系可以在研究期间下半年忽略的[5]。琼斯等人。（2004）也支持通过总结这一观点的相关文献[6]。然而，由于巴尔克等。（2008）指出，这些文件不仅可以解释的负相关关系逐渐减弱的现象，它无法解释为什么现在的关系是积极的[3]。因此，现有的文献不能有效地解释关系变化的原因。一般来说，在市场上的石油来源，从而导致价格的波动是由石油供给冲击，经济的需求冲击和预防的需求冲击。石油供给冲击影响的因素是石油价格的波动通过石油生产的波动。经济需求的冲击是经济因素影响的石油通过世界石油需求的波动价格波动。预防需求冲击所特有的原油市场，旨在捕捉由较高的预防与对未来石油供应的担忧相关的可用性需求的推动石油价格的变化。如果石油价格是由不同因素的驱动下，经济后果将是不同的。当评论的布兰查德和加利（2007）[7]，美国的能源经济研究学者Rotemberg（2007）[8]也指出，石油价格之间的动态变化波动与经济发展的关系可以从这个角度解释认为，但他并没有进行理论和实证分析。这正是该论文的思想源泉。

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铸造casting 2011-06-07 00:00:00

菲利普斯曲线分析使用的动态影响石油价格波动对美国的通货膨胀，胡克(2002)diyi 提出了这个观点，可以发现其关系在下半年的微不足道的研究期间[5]。琼斯孙俐。 (2004)也支持这一观点进行总结的相关文献[6]。然而，随着Balke孙俐。指出(2008) 这些文件只能解释这种现象的逐渐增加削弱的负相关关系，它不能解释为什么现在是积极关系[3]。所以已有的文献资料没有有效地解释其原因的变化关系。一般来说，在石油市场来源导致的价格由石油供应波动的冲击，经济需求的影响，提出了预防需求的影响。石油供应冲击等因素的影响通过石油价格波动石油产量波动。是经济需求的影响世界经济因素，石油价格波动的影响通过石油需求的波动。预防需求冲击是特定的原油市场和设计捕捉切换在较高的石油价格驱动的预防伴随担忧需求未来石油的可用性供应。如果石油价格驱动下的各种不同的因素、经济结果将是不同的。当评论的看法约翰·布朗奇德和Gali的(2007)[7]，美国的能源经济研究学者Rotemberg(2007)[8]也指出动态改变石油价格波动之间的关系与经济发展可以解释为何从这个角度出发，但他没有进行理论和实证分析。这正是这种思想的来源的纸。

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bgefhjkh 2011-06-07 00:00:00

翻译：用菲利普斯曲线来分析石油价格的波动对美国的通货膨胀的动态影响，胡克（2002年）diyi个提出这一观点，并发现这种关系在研究的后半期几乎是可以忽略的[5]。琼斯等人（2004）通过对相关文献的总结也支持这一观点[6]。然而，巴尔克等（2008）指出这些文件只能解释逐渐弱化的负相关的现象，它无法解释为什么现在的关系却是正面的[3]。因此，现有文献并不能有效地解释关系变化的原因。一般来说，在石油市场上导致价格波动的来源包括石油供给冲击，经济需求冲击和预防的需求冲击等。石油供应冲击的因素是指通过石油生产量的波动来影响石油价格的波动。经济需求的冲击是指通过世界石油需求的波动影响世界石油价格波动的经济因素。预防需求冲击具体到原油市场和受更高层次预防需求驱使而设计来把握石油价格的变化的举措，这与对未来石油供应的担忧相关联。如果石油价格是由不同的因素影响，经济后果会有所不同。当评论到的Blanchard和加利（2007）看法[7]时，美国的能源经济研究学者Rotemberg（2007）[8]也指出，石油价格波动和经济发展的动态变化的关系可以从这个角度来解释，但他并没有进行理论和实证分析。这正是本论文的思想源泉。手工翻译的了，希望对你有帮助！

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hopestar2011 2011-06-07 00:00:00

用菲利普斯曲线来分析动态的影响石油对美国的通货膨胀，胡克（2002年）的价格波动diyi 提出这一观点，并发现这种关系可在研究期间下半年忽略的[5]。琼斯等人。（2004）也支持这一观点的相关总结文献[6]。然而，由于巴尔克等。（2008）指出，这些文件只能解释现象逐渐弱化负相关，它无法解释为什么现在是积极的关系[3]。因此，现有文献可以不能有效地解释关系变化的原因。一般来说，在市场上的石油来源，从而导致价格波动是由石油供给冲击，经济需求冲击和预防的需求冲击。石油供应冲击的因素是石油价格波动的影响，通过石油生产波动。经济需求的冲击是世界石油价格波动影响的经济因素通过世界石油需求的波动。预防需求冲击是具体到原油市场和设计捕获在上级预防石油价格的变化驱动与对未来石油供应的担忧相关的需求供应。如果石油价格是由不同的因素，经济后果会有所不同。当评论的看法 Blanchard和加利（2007）[7]，美国的能源经济研究学者Rotemberg（2007）[8]也指出，动态变化的关系石油价格波动和经济发展，可以从这个角度来解释，但他并没有进行理论和实证分析。这正是该论文的思想源泉。

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小P011 2011-06-07 00:00:00

名字没有翻 Using the Phillips curve to analyze the dynamic impact of oil price fluctuation on U.S. inflation，利用菲利普斯曲线分析原油价格波动对美国通货膨胀的动态影响， Hooker (2002) first proposed this view and found that the relationship can be negligible in the later half of the study period [5]. Hooker (2002) 首先提出这种观点并发现这种关系在研究的中后期可以忽略不计[5]. Jones et al. (2004) also support this view by summarizing the related literature [6]. Jones等人(2004) 在汇总了相关文献后同样支持这种观点[6]. However， as Balke et al. (2008) pointed out that these documents only can explain the phenomenon of gradually weakened negative relationship，然而，正如Balke等人(2008) 所指出的，这些文档只能解释负相关渐弱的现象， and it can not explain why the relationship now is positive [3]. 而且它不能解释为什么这种关系现在是正相关[3]. So the existing literature can not effectively explain the cause of the changing relationship. 所以现存的文献不能有效的解释这个关系变动的原因. Generally in the oil market the sources leading to price fluctuation are comprised of oil supply shocks， economic demand shocks and precautionary demand shocks. 总的来说，在原油市场，主导价格波动的来源由原油供应的冲击，经济需求的冲击以及预防性需求的冲击所组成. Oil supply shocks are the factors that impact oil price fluctuation through oil production volatility. 原油供应冲击这个要素是指原油生产波动对原油价格波动产生的影响. Economic demand shocks are the world economic factors that impact oil price fluctuation through world oil demand volatility. 经济需求冲击这个性经济要素是指原油需求的波动对原油价格波动产生的影响. Precautionary demand shocks are specific to the crude oil market and designed to capture shifts in the price of oil driven by higher precautionary demand associated with fears about the availability of future oil supplies. 预防性需求冲击是针对原油市场的，它的目的在于预防因担忧未来原油供应的可获得性而形成的较高预防性需求所导致的原油价格变动. If oil price is driven by different factors， the economic consequences will be different. 如果原油价格是由不同要素驱动的，那么经济后果也会有所不同. When commenting on the view of Blanchard and Gali (2007) [7]， U.S. energy economic research scholar Rotemberg (2007) [8] also pointed out that the dynamic changing relationship between oil price fluctuation and economic development can be interpreted from this angle， but he did not carry out theoretical and empirical analysis. 在评论Blanchard和Gali (2007) [7]的观点时，美国能源经济研究学者 Rotemberg (2007) [8] 也指出，原油价格波动与经济发展之间的动态变化关系可以从这个角度解读，但是他没有完成理论与实证的分析. This is precisely the source of the ideas of the paper. 这恰恰是这篇研究报告观点的来源.

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求翻译，不求专业，但求通顺，GOOGLE，有道，亦可！急！！！: UsingthePhillipscurvetoanalyzethedynamicimpactofoilpricefluctuationonU.S.inflation，Hooker(2002)firstproposedthisviewandfoundthattherelationshipcanbenegligibleinthelaterha... Using the Phillips curve to analyze the dynamic impact of oil price fluctuation on U.S. inflation， Hooker (2002) first proposed this view and found that the relationship can be negligible in the later half of the study period [5]. Jones et al. (2004) also support this view by summarizing the related literature [6]. However， as Balke et al. (2008) pointed out that these documents only can explain the phenomenon of gradually weakened negative relationship， and it can not explain why the relationship now is positive [3]. So the existing literature can not effectively explain the cause of the changing relationship. Generally in the oil market the sources leading to price fluctuation are comprised of oil supply shocks， economic demand shocks and precautionary demand shocks. Oil supply shocks are the factors that impact oil price fluctuation through oil production volatility. Economic demand shocks are the world economic factors that impact oil price fluctuation through world oil demand volatility. Precautionary demand shocks are specific to the crude oil market and designed to capture shifts in the price of oil driven by higher precautionary demand associated with fears about the availability of future oil supplies. If oil price is driven by different factors， the economic consequences will be different. When commenting on the view of Blanchard and Gali (2007) [7]， U.S. energy economic research scholar Rotemberg (2007) [8] also pointed out that the dynamic changing relationship between oil price fluctuation and economic development can be interpreted from this angle， but he did not carry out theoretical and empirical analysis. This is precisely the source of the ideas of the paper. 展开

求翻译啊~别用有道神马的机器翻译~: 翻译成英语翻译内容如下：缺血性心脏病的分类如下：　　一、原发性心脏骤停　　原发性心脏骤停是一突然事件，设想是由于心电不稳定所引起。没有可以作出其它诊断的依据（发生于已证实... 翻译成英语翻译内容如下：缺血性心脏病的分类如下：　　一、原发性心脏骤停　　原发性心脏骤停是一突然事件，设想是由于心电不稳定所引起。没有可以作出其它诊断的依据（发生于已证实为心肌梗塞早期的死亡不包括在内，因而认为是由于心肌梗塞所致死）。如果未作复苏或复苏失败，原发性心脏骤停归诸于猝死（本报告特意略去猝死的定义，因为猝死是心脏骤停的结果）。以往缺血性心脏病的证据可有可无，如果发生死亡时无人见到，则诊断是臆测性的。　　二、心绞痛　　1.劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛的特征是，由于运动或其它增加心肌需氧量的情况所诱发的短暂胸痛发作。休息或舌下含服硝酸甘油后，疼痛常可迅速消失。劳累性心绞痛分为三类：（1）初发劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛病程在一个月以内。（2）稳定型劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛病程稳定在一个月以上。（3）恶化型劳累性心绞痛：同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛发作次数、严重程度及持续时间突然加重。　　2.自发性心绞痛：自发性心绞痛的特征是，胸痛发作与心肌需氧量的增加无明显关系。与劳累性心绞痛相比，这种疼痛一般持续时间较长，病情较重，且不易为硝酸甘油缓解。未见酶变化，心电图常出现某些暂时性ST段压低或T波改变。自发性心绞痛可以单独发生或与劳累性心绞痛合并存在。　　自发性心绞痛患者的疼痛、发作频率、持续时间及疼痛的程度可有不同的临床表现。有时患者可有持续时间较长的胸痛发作，类似心肌梗塞。但没有心电图及酶的特征性变化。　　某些自发性心绞痛患者，在发作时出现暂时性的ST段抬高，常称为变异型心绞痛（这一心电图表现也可称为Prinzmetal心绞痛，但在Prinzmetal报告前已有其他作者报道描述过这一情况，所以应采用“变异型心绞痛”这一名称。）。但在心肌梗塞早期已记录到这一心电图图形时，不能应用这一名称。　　初发劳累型心绞痛、恶化型心绞痛及自发性心绞痛常统称为“不稳定型心绞痛”。本报告则选用这些各自特异的名称。　　三、心肌梗塞　　1.急性心肌梗塞：急性心肌梗塞的临床诊断常根据病史、心电图和血清酶的变化而作出。　　病史：典型的病史是出现严重而持久的胸痛。有时病史不典型，疼痛可以轻微甚至没有，可以主要为其它症状。心电图：心电图的肯定性改变是出现异常、持久的Q波或QS波以及持续一天以上的演进性损伤电流。当心电图出现这些肯定性变化时，仅凭心电图即可作出诊断。另一些病例，心电图示有不肯定改变，包括：①静止的损伤电流。②T波对称性倒置。③单次心电图记录中有一病理性Q波。④传导障碍。　　血清酶：①肯定性改变包括血清酶浓度的序列变化，或开始升高和继后降低。这种变化，必须与特定的酶以及症状发作和采取血样的时间间隔相联系。心脏特异性同功酶的升高亦认为是肯定性变化。②不肯定改变开始时浓度升高，但不伴随后的降低，不能取得酶活力的曲线。　2.陈旧性心肌梗塞：陈旧性心肌梗塞常根据肯定性心电图改变，没有急性心肌梗塞病史及酶变化而作出诊断。如果没有遗留心电图改变，可根据早先的典型心电图改变或根据以往肯定性血清酶改变而诊断。　　四、缺血性心脏病中的心力衰竭　　缺血性心脏病可因多种原因而发生心力衰竭，它可以是急性心肌梗塞或早先心肌梗塞的并发症，或可由心绞痛发作或心律失常所诱发。在没有以往缺血性心脏病临床或心电图证据的心力衰竭患者（排除其他原因），缺血性心脏病的诊断乃属臆测性。　　五、心律失常　　心律失常可以是缺血性心脏病的唯yi症状。在这种情况下，除非进行冠状动脉造影证明冠状动脉阻塞，否则缺血性心脏病的诊断仍是臆测性的。展开

急求翻译: 我认为一个人应当将自己的优点发挥到极限，这不仅有助于挖掘其自身的Z大价值，而且能够Z大限度地实现其自身的社会价值。我Z大的优点在于经过将近6年在武汉大学的测绘遥感专业的刻苦学习，我打下了一个非常扎实的专业基础。同时，我的思维敏捷，对于地球空... 我认为一个人应当将自己的优点发挥到极限，这不仅有助于挖掘其自身的Z大价值，而且能够Z大限度地实现其自身的社会价值。我Z大的优点在于经过将近6年在武汉大学的测绘遥感专业的刻苦学习，我打下了一个非常扎实的专业基础。同时，我的思维敏捷，对于地球空间信息科研成果与产业化之间的关联，有很灵敏的感触和浓厚的兴趣，富有开创性思维，并有多项目的实践经验。我的缺点是没有一个自己的duchuang的核心理论或者技术，然后我认为这对于我来说也是一个机会。明年的7月份将要取得我的硕士学位，这段时间里我的主要任务是做好毕业设计。我打算毕业后花四年时间在加拿大滑铁卢大学环境学院完成我的博士位，目前我已经收到来滑铁卢大学研究生院的入学邀请。我之所以申请这个博士生项目的原因如下：（1）在我的硕士阶段，我参与了实验室的“5.12地震遥感信息收集与灾情评估项目组”，主要负责搜集加拿大与美国利用雷达影像在防灾减灾中的成功应用。在我这段时间的研究中我发现LiDAR技术是集激光、定位系统(GPS)和惯性导航系统(INS)三种技术与一身的空间测量新技术，其在遥感、测绘、环境监测、防灾减灾中等领域具有广阔的发展前景和应用需求。而加拿大正是以环境管理和激光雷达技术于世，这些都是ZG当前中长期发展急需发展的交叉学科和技术。我在滑铁卢的研究将是“land-based mobile LIDAR data processing and the application for Emergency Response”，相信四年之后，我学成回国，必将能够大显身手、回报祖国。（2）ZG测绘遥感领域在科学研究上已经取得了辉煌的成就，但是在技术产业化以及本行业项目管理上，则远远落后与欧美国家，很多技术的Z高成就是论文而不是产品或者服务。学习与实习并重的合作教育(co-operative education)也是滑铁卢大学同其办学的一大特色，学生在课程进行期间将在相关机构工作以作实习，它目前进行的合作教育计划是Z大。在滑铁卢的学习，我将充分利用合作教育的机会，申请到加拿大空间信息领域的公司实习，学习他们的项目管理经验以及如何将技术转化为应用。回国后，结合ZG的国情，致力于将测绘遥感技术直接GX地应用于服务社会。另外，我得知滑铁卢大学的孔子学院已于去年揭幕。通过我在滑铁卢大学的朋友我也了解到滑铁卢大学的孔子学院目前也十分缺乏中文老师。我已经跟那边的孔子学院的系主任取得联系，他们对我的汉语写作和表达能力十分满意并且欢迎我到他们学院志愿为为学生补习汉语。尽管我的能力有限，但是我会尽力用我的真诚和热情去帮助他们了解和欣赏美丽的ZG语言和文化，一点一点地去用行动实践我的诺言——让自己将来做一个关心社会，对社会的发展有贡献的人。展开

急求翻译毕业论文: 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢... 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢展开

跪求（急求）帮忙翻译一下: 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分... 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分析测定有干扰的基本物质，制成便于测定的溶液形式。样品的预处理过程都是在无机前处理室进行的。主要仪器：ETHOS A微波消解仪、SD500电热板、Mill-Q Advandage A10超纯水仪等。光谱室主要开展食品、饮用水等样品中重金属元素含量检测工作，各类仪器针对不同的物质进行检测有其各自的优势。原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列仪器主要用于铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠等项目检测，双道原子荧光光度计吉天AFS-820a系列仪器主要用于砷、汞、锡等项目检测。光谱分析技术已经被广泛应用于食品和水质检测、环境保护、医药卫生等领域。主要仪器：原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列、双道原子荧光光度计AFS-820a系列。承检项目：食品、饮用水中重金属铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、砷、汞、锡等。要英文的谢谢展开

求达人翻译下英文文献关于光系统Ⅱ和除草剂通顺Z重要: PhotosystemIIisthemulti-enzymaticchlorophyll-proteincomplex(water-plastoquinoneoxido-reductase)locatedinthethylakoidmembraneofalgae，cyanobacteriaandhigherplants.Itisanint... Photosystem II is the multi-enzymatic chlorophyll-protein complex (water-plastoquinone oxido-reductase) located in the thylakoid membrane of algae， cyanobacteria and higher plants. It is an integral part of the electron transport chain that catalyses primary charge separation. This protein complex consists of over 25 polypeptides， which make up a light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex (LHCII)， a reaction centre and the water-splitting system， also called the oxygen evolving complex (OEC). The PSII complex also contains the target site of the most widely used photosynthetic herbicides."^ The preparation of a biosensor for the detection of polluting compounds is based on the specific characteristics of PSII. Under illumination PSII drives electron transfer which is inhibited by specific chemical compounds (e.g.， herbicides). Thus， the photosynthetic membrane isolated firom higher plants and photosynthetic micro-organisms， immobilised and stabilised， will serve as the biosensor biomediator. The effect of compounds that alter or inhibit photosynthetic activity， measured as oxygen evolution， electron transport or fluorescence can then be translated and monitored by amperometric or optical systems. Recent experiments that were performed by our this team resulted in amperometric， potentiometric， optical biosensors for herbicides based on isolated and immobilised PSII particles exhibiting stable biological material and a highly sensitive monitoring response (limit of detection in the nanomolar range and for diuron herbicide in the picomolar range).^'^ However， the system is specific to photosynthetic herbicides but not very selective since several classes of compounds (herbicides represented by triazines， ureas， diazines， phenols) can bind to proteins of the PSII complex， most of them to the Dl protein of the reaction centre. 展开

化学专业英译汉急求帮助！！: Precious metals are found in the process and wastewater streams of various industries including mining [1，2]， ore and metal processing [3]， semiconductor and electronic manufacturing [4，5] and e-Waste recycling [6，7]. Numerous works discu... Precious metals are found in the process and wastewater streams of various industries including mining [1，2]， ore and metal processing [3]， semiconductor and electronic manufacturing [4，5] and e-Waste recycling [6，7]. Numerous works discuss the use of adsorption for precious metal separation and recovery [8-17]. Selective adsorption is an attractive technology for separation， removal and recovery of precious metals. Gold [9]， silver [10]， platinum [11] and palladium [12] were selectively adsorbed from binary and complex mixtures and recovered at high purity using polymeric resins [13] and adsorbents made from MCM-41 [14-16 ] and SBA-15 [17]. Tsezos and coworkers [18] reported the adsorption of palladium， gold， uranium， yttrium， silver and nickel by biomass derived from two bacteria strains. They observed that the biosorbents preferentially adsorbed gold and silver， both classified as soft metals according to Pearson’s hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) principle [19]. 展开

急求翻译请帮忙翻译一下这篇英文资料，急用！！！！: Wells-BrookfieldCone/PlateRapidDeterminationOfAbsoluteViscosityIntroductionTheWells-BrookfieldCone/PlateViscometergivesresearchersasophisticatedinstrumentforroutinelydete... Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Rapid Determination Of Absolute Viscosity Introduction The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer gives researchers a sophisticated instrument for routinely determining absolute viscosity of fluids in small sample volumes. Its cone and plate geometry provides the precision necessary for development of complete rheological data. Principle of Operation The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer is a precise torque meter which is driven at discrete rotational speeds. The torque measuring system， which consists of a calibrated beryllium-copper spring connecting the drive mechanism to a rotating cone， senses the resistance to rotation caused by the presence of sample fluid between the cone and a stationary flat plate. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress in the fluid. The amount of torque is indicated either on a dial or digital display， depending on model. This reading is easily converted to absolute centipoise units (mPa.s) from pre-calculated range charts. Alternatively， viscosity can be calculated from the known geometric constants of the cone， the rate of rotation， and the stress related torque. See Range Tables The correct relative position of cone and plate is obtained by following a simple mechanical procedure without the need for external gauges or supplementary instrumentation. The stationary plate forms the bottom of a sample cup which can be removed， filled with .5 ml to 2.0 ml of sample fluid (depending on cone in use)， and remounted without disturbing the calibration. The sample cup is jacketed and has tube fittings for connection to a constant temperature circulating bath. The system is accurate to within ?.0% of the working range. Reproducibility is to within ?.2%. Working temperature range is from 0oC to 100oC. 展开

急求英译汉高手（词霸翻译不加分）翻译好了追加50: http://hi.baidu.com/lyl464797826/blog/item/0c12e646eca6ee3287947334.html

求翻译。。。。。。。。。。。: During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposi... During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposition [19]， chemical vapor deposition [20]， laser vaporization-condensation [21]， charge transferring [22]， an organic reagent-assisted method [23]， solution-liquid-solid method [24] and catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth [25]. With these routes， various nanoscale or microscale aggregates can demonstrate novel architectures， including tree-like， web-like， spherical， nanowire-like， network and fishbone-like aggregates. As a well-known method for producing the nanocapsules， however， arc-discharge has been rarely used to synthesize the aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules prepared simultaneously in arc-discharge. Nevertheless， it is possible that the arc-discharge can be developed into a new way to synthesize the aggregates. In the present work， we utilized arc-discharge technique with modified strategies， involving changing the hydrogen pressure， introducing gadolinium - aluminum alloy ingot as the anode and adjusting the elements percent of the anode according to their evaporation pressure， to synthesize a new type of nanocapsules， with intermetallic compound GdAl2 as core and amorphous Al2O3 as shell， which enlarge the family of the magnetic nanocapsules. At the same time， the regularly aligned three-dimensional macro-aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules without any template and catalyst were simultaneously synthesized in arc-discharge process. 展开

急求帮我翻译一段电力专业英语文章啊！！: What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-che... What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-chemicalprocess that is inherent to the battery. Applying a voltage differential on thepositive and negative plates charges the supercapacitor. This concept issimilar to an electrical charge that builds up when walking on a carpet. Thesupercapacitor concept has been around for a number of years. Newer designsallow higher capacities in a smaller size. Whereas a regular capacitor consists ofconductive foils and a dry separator， the supercapacitor crosses into batterytechnology by using special electrodes and some electrolyte. There are threetypes of electrode materials suitable for the supercapacitor. They are: highsurface area activated carbons， metal oxide and conducting polymers. The highsurface electrode material， also called Double Layer Capacitor (DLC)， is leastcostly to manufacture and is the most common. It stores the energy in thedouble layer formed near the carbon electrode surface. 展开

求专业的英语达人帮忙翻译下万分感谢: Caution:Do not place your finger over the vent(it pressurizes the sensor) to test the flow indicator when gas is flowing to the sensor.removing your finger (the restriction) generates a vacuum on the sensor and maydamage the sensor(voiding ... Caution:Do not place your finger over the vent(it pressurizes the sensor) to test the flow indicator when gas is flowing to the sensor.removing your finger (the restriction) generates a vacuum on the sensor and maydamage the sensor(voiding the sensor warraty). Positive pressure applications: If the sample pressure is greater than 30 psign an external pressure regulator(optional) is required upsteram of the analyzer to control of sample flow.a pressure regulator with a metallic diaphragm is recommended to prevent high oxygen reading that cuold result from the use of diaphragms constructed of more gas permeable materisls. If other optionoal sample system components such as coiled metal tubing(samples must be colled to at least 35-40℃ for continuous use)，coalescing filters ，scrubbers，etc.are required install the pressure rugulator after the coiled tubing and bofore the other components and the analyzer.a scrubber requires a flow valve upstream for optimum efficiency and response time and that the analyzer flow valve is opened completely. Atmospheric or slightly negative pressure applications: For accurate high ppb and/or low ppm range measurements，an optional simple pump is required downstream of the analyzer to draw the sample through the analyzer.The cacuum drawn on the analyzer and sensor should not exceed 4”of water. Caution:Use ofpump downstream of the sensor requires the floe control valve upstream of the sensor be completely opened to avoid drawing ercessive vacuum in the sensor，which can damage the sensor. If pump over-loading(due to the limitation of low flow rate of the sample gas)is a comsideration，a second throttle valve on the pump’s inlet side may be necessary to provide a bypass path，as illustrated below，to prevent the pump from over-loading and over-heating while miantaining the required sample flow rate within the above-mentioned parameters 展开

请高手帮忙翻译翻译啊，通顺即可，完全用翻译器的请绕道~谢谢~~: Interim Report on Pressure Effect on Waxy-Crude Pipeline-Restart Conditions Investigated by a Model System Yield Phenomenon and Pipeline Restart. Yield stress is the threshold stress required to initiate ﬂow of a viscoplastic ᤙ... Interim Report on Pressure Effect on Waxy-Crude Pipeline-Restart Conditions Investigated by a Model System Yield Phenomenon and Pipeline Restart. Yield stress is the threshold stress required to initiate ﬂow of a viscoplastic ﬂ uid. Waxy crude-oil gels are viscoplastic in nature and exhibit time-dependent Bingham plastic ﬂow behavior during restart under imposed constant pumping pressure. The yielding process of a gel is a complicated process， and different models have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Wardhaugh and Boger (1991) defined yield stress as the “shear stress at which the gelled oil ceases to behave as a Hookean solid.” Chang et al. (1998) adopted a three-yield stress concept: elastic limit (which defines the onset of viscoelastic creep)， static (where fracture occurs)， and dynamic yield stress (which describes the broken down structure after yielding). Among these three， only the static yield stress is used to design the restart pump for initiation of flow after shut-in. Several types of apparatus and different techniques (direct and indirect) have been used for determining the yield stress. The results obtained and conclusions regarding their validity and usefulness differ widely. Setups used are capillary U-tubes， large pilot pipeline facilities， lab-scale model pipelines， controlled-stress or -shear rotational rheometry experiments (CSR). The capillary tube and pilot-scale pipeline measurement tech-niques have been criticized as being unsuitable for understanding the yielding behavior of statically cooled waxy crude oils because of nonlinear pressure distribution， pipe compressibility effects， porosity of wax structure， and contraction effects (Wardhaugh and Boger 1991). However， the authors added that an exception to their conclusion was the work by Ronningsen (1992)， where reasonable estimates of the yield stress as compared to model pipeline results were obtained with a constant stress rheometer. Recently， Lee et al. (2007) also reported the consistency between the concentric rheometer and a model pipeline system. In fact， model pipeline test is the most common laboratory method resorted to in gel strength measurement because of its geometrical resemblance to the real pipeline. In such tests， gel is formed under controlled conditions (cooling rate， aging temperature， etc.) and pressure is then slowly applied on one end of the gel until flow is observed. The gel strength (τ) is then calculated by: 公式1 展开

急求翻译下面这段测绘工程方面的文章: REAL-TIME KINEMATIC GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is Trimble Navigation's Site Surveyor System available as a standard option upgrade to Trimble's 4000 series SE and SSE receivers. The Medicine Bow National Forest uses 4000 SSE and SE rece... REAL-TIME KINEMATIC GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is Trimble Navigation's Site Surveyor System available as a standard option upgrade to Trimble's 4000 series SE and SSE receivers. The Medicine Bow National Forest uses 4000 SSE and SE receivers in it's Boundary Management program. The use of RTK enables a surveyor to determine a corner's position， establish a corner without having to make traditional corner moves or to mark and post line as quickly as the surveyor could walk， all without having to post-process the data. The surveyor using RTK can perform corner search within a meter or a couple of centimeters of the true location without the need to traverse down the line. For some survey applications traditional kinematic GPS field procedures are preferred， since many points can be observed in a short period of time with occupation times of a minute or less. However until now， kinematic surveying required post-processing before the results were available. This made field stakeout of corner positions， corner search， line marking and posting， and evaluation of coordinate accuracy in the field impossible to do using kinematic techniques (Curry et al 1993). Now， the use of RTK technology makes these impossible traditional kinematic tasks possible. What is RTK? RTK is currently carrier phase observations processed (corrected) in real-time resulting in position coordinates to a 1-2 centimeter accuracy level being available to the surveyor in the field. In other words， what the surveyor sees is what he gets. RTK， consists of two or more GPS receivers， three or more radio-modems， a "fixed-plate initializer" ， and a handheld survey data collector/computer (TDC1). In RTK， one receiver occupies a known reference station and broadcasts a correction message (Compact Measurement Record or CMR2) to one or more roving receivers. The roving receivers process the information to solve the WGS-84 vectors by solving the integers in real-time within the receiver to produce an accurate position relative to the reference station. Precision of RTK is +/-2 cm + 2 ppm， with 1 ppm equating to 1 mm per 1 km (Trimble Navigation， 1993). The TDC1 is used to graphically display the processed results of the surveyors current position on the ground at that moment. The TDC1 has the capability for the surveyor to navigate within a couple of centimeters to a known or unknown coordinate position using Local， State Plane or Geographic coordinates. In real-time positions may be logged in the field， inverses performed， attributes (features) recorded， azimuths and distances between points calculated， and corners located. RTK， as with traditional kinematic GPS procedures， currently requires continuous satellite lock to be maintained. This restriction allows for RTK to be most effective in a non-canopied， no obstructions environment. 展开

继续求翻译: Ethylacetate(Quimis，p.a.)，methanol(Quimis，p.a.)，sec-butanol(Merck，HPLCgrade)，oleicacid(Merck，extrapure)，hydrogenperoxide(Interox，70%，w/waqueoussolution)，aluminumoxideforc... Ethyl acetate (Quimis， p.a.)， methanol (Quimis， p.a.)， sec- butanol (Merck， HPLC grade)， oleic acid (Merck， extra pure)， hydrogen peroxide (Interox， 70%， w/w aqueous solution)， aluminum oxide for chromatography (Fluka， 0.05–0.15 mm)， aluminum oxide for column chromatography (Acros Organics， activated， acidic， 0.1–0.5 mm)， aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (Aldrich， 99.99%)， oxalic acid (Synth， p.a.)， di-n-butyl ether (Fluka， >99%) and soybean oil (Cargill) were used as received. The solution of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide (24%， w/w) in ethyl acetate was prepared from aqueous H2O2 (70%， w/w) in ethyl acetate by azeotropic distillation with a Dean-Stark apparatus [14] The products were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with a AT-Wax column and interfaced with a Hewlett-Packard 5971A mass spectrometer. Helium was used as the carrier gas. A similarly equipped Hewlett-Packard5890 gas chromatograph using nitrogen as the carrier gas and a flame ionization detector was used for product quantification， with the help of calibration curves. 展开

求翻译文献: Anionsarecommonlyfoundintheenvironmentandbiologicalsystems.Forinstance，fluorideiswidelyusedindentalcareapplicationsandexhibitsinhibitionofcertainenzymefunctions.1Inadditi... Anions are commonly found in the environment and biological systems. For instance， fluoride is widely used in dental care applications and exhibits inhibition of certain enzyme functions.1 In addition to playing a central role in biological regulation， chloride is also a major groundwater contaminant that can corrode steel and concrete.2 Thyroid hormone synthesis largely determines iodine content.3 Acetate is a possible tracer for malignancies and has been extensively investigated in prostate cancer and its metastases.4 Phosphate ion is biologically and environmentally significant.5 Cyanide exerts adverse effects on human health as well as environment at low concentrations. Determining anions concentration is thus of primary concern in many areas， including food processing， industry， and clinic analysis.6 However， hydrophilic anions， such as F- and Cl-， form strong hydrogen bonds with protic solvents. Therefore， developing fluorescent probes based on electrostatic interactions for anions functioning in polar protic solvents is both challenging and currently infeasible. 展开

求韩语翻译: 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 &... 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 모양의 틀에 발라져 있는 것입니다、求准确翻译 PS 3元催化剂是安装在汽车排气管上的展开

文献求翻译: Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for th... Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for the synthesis of primary tert-alkylamines from nitriles (Scheme 1). Thus propionitrile (1a)， phenylmagnesium bromide (2) and Ti(Oi-Pr)4 were chosen to optimize the reaction conditions. In the protocol for the synthesis of cyclopropylamines，10 Ti(Oi-Pr)4 is already present in the diethyl ether solution of a nitrile， before two equivalents of the Grignard reagent are added. As this did not appear to be optimal for the synthesis of primary tertalkylamines， the Grignard reagent was added before Ti(Oi-Pr)4. With 2 equivalents of PhMgBr， 0.1 equivalent of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， and 1 equivalent of propionitrile (1a)， the primary tert-alkylamine 8a was not formed at all. With an equimolar quantity of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， the amine 8a was produced in a low yield (11%) but with 1 equivalent of Ti(Oi- Pr)4 and 3 equivalents of the Grignard reagent 2， a 60% yield of 8a was obtained. Monitoring of the reaction by workup of aliquots of the reaction mixture showed that the first addition of 2 to form the N-magnesio derivative of the corresponding imine was rapid， whereas the subsequent second addition of the Grignard reagent 2 required heating under reflux for up to 24 hours. In tetrahydrofuran instead of diethyl ether， the amine 8a was formed in a very low yield， if at all. 展开

求化学翻译: Graphite powder (<20m)， hydrazine， ammonia， N，Ndimethylformamide (DMF)， dopamine， 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.138M NaCl， 0.0027M KCl， pH 7.4)， and ascorbic acid were purchased form Aldrich and used as received. Doubly disti... Graphite powder (<20m)， hydrazine， ammonia， N，Ndimethylformamide (DMF)， dopamine， 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.138M NaCl， 0.0027M KCl， pH 7.4)， and ascorbic acid were purchased form Aldrich and used as received. Doubly distilled water was used throughout the whole experiments. The data of cyclic voltammetry (CV)， differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)， and electrochemical impedance spectra were obtained with a CHI 660 electrochemical workstation (CH instruments， Austin， TX). The electrochemical cell consisted of GCE (3mm diameter， Bioanalytical Systems， Inc.) as working electrode， Ag/AgCl (Bioanalytical Systems， Inc.) as reference electrode， and platinum wire as counter electrode. The impedance data were fitted to an appropriate equivalent circuit using ZsimpWin 3.0 software (Echem Software). The Raman spectra of graphene were obtained by micro-Raman system equipped with a homemade sample stage， a monochromator (SPEX 500 M)， and a CCD camera (Roger Scientific model 7346-001) with 514.5nm wavelength laser line. Graphene was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (SUPRA 55VP， Carl Zeiss) and atomic force microscope (NanostationII， Surface Imaging Systems). 展开

翻译英文~专业类的: Whilegraphene，acarbon-basedtwo-dimensionalnanomaterials，hasreceivedanupsurgeofinterest，[1]self-assemblyofsmallorganicandorganometallicmoleculesinto2Dnanostructurescouldal... While graphene， a carbon-based two-dimensional nanomaterials， has received an upsurge of interest，[1] self-assembly of small organic and organometallic molecules into 2D nanostructures could also be harnessed to develop new classes of functional supramolecular nanomaterials.[2] In principle， quasi-2D lamellae or nanosheets are planar structures having a thickness less than 100 nm and lateral dimensions a few orders of magnitude greater than their thickness. Control over the bilateral intermolecular noncovalent interactions is anticipated to organize small molecules into regular 2D nanostructures， which has been a formidable challenge yet to be achieved. Recently， Shelnutt and co-workers obtained discrete porphyrin nanosheets reprecipitated from their solutions;[3] Sathish and co-workers constructed hexagonal C60 nanosheets using a liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation method;[4] the groups of Yao[5] and Hu[6] prepared singlecrystalline nanosheets of polycyclic aromatics using a surfactant- assisted reprecipitation and a physical vapor transporting method， respectively; and Zhang and co-workers suggested that molecules with intramolecular charge-transfer dipole moments could be grown into quasi-2D nanostructures.[7] Moreover， some amphiphiles and organogelators were found to self-organize into sheet-like nanostructures in contact with solvents.[8] Despite these advances， templateand surfactant-free synthesis of free-standing， crystalline， and optoelectronically active nanosheets from small molecules remains elusive. 展开

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